The megathrust earthquake Essay Example

The megathrust earthquake Paper Chile is hit by what is called a megathrust temblor. Chile lies on a convergence or destructive home base boundary. This means that to different home bases, in this instance the Nacza home base ( an pelagic home base ) and the South-American home base, travel towards each other. In this boundary, the home bases move with an mean velocity of 80 millimeter every twelvemonth. The Nacza home base is heavier because it s an pelagic home base. Pressure makes it dive or sink beneath the lighter Continental home base in an east-north-east way, in a procedure called subduction. This procedure though, does non continue continuously and on the 27th of February, there was a minute that the Nacza home base skidded. At that point, there is a motion of home bases there and a release of great sums of energy ensuing from the force per unit area. This topographic point where the temblor originates, is called hypocenter. In this instance, the deepness was 35 kilometer. From here, seismal moving ridge s are send out in every way. Depending on the stuff, waves pass rapidly ( harder stuffs ) or lose some of their velocity and energy ( unstable, softer stuffs ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The megathrust earthquake specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The megathrust earthquake specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The megathrust earthquake specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On the right figure, there is made a cross profile of the left figure. The pointer indicates the subduction zone, in this instance, about the full litoral of Chile. In ruddy, there is explained why home bases move in the same way: convergence and droping convection currents pull plates together. explicate the strength of this temblor This temblor had a strength of 8.8 on the minute magnitude graduated table. This is a logarithmic manner of mensurating the strength of seismal moving ridges. With an ultrasensitive pen attached to a spring they can see how much the maximal amplitude was at a certain point. Great amplitudes were measured during 4 proceedingss. Changes in co-ordinates are registered along a 700 kilometer long section of the mistake zone ( the zone were the Nacza plates subducts ) , with largest supplantings of about 10 metres. Using the GPS co-ordinate system, measurings have shown that it moved for illustration Concepcion about 10 pess due wests. It besides moved other large metropoliss like Santiago and Buenos Aires. It was even so powerful that the period of Earth s rotary motion is shortened, ensuing in a twenty-four hours that is 1.26 microseconds shorter than earlier. The ground is that the heavy pelagic home base moved towards the Earth s karyon, which makes that the mass is more concentrated in the karyon than before, which shifts the centre of gravitation. 2 History of temblors What opportunity of temblors in that part ( + clarify with maps ) On the figure, there is indicated in ruddy where the greatest chance for an temblor is calculated. Most of the temblors due to tectonic motion are originated at the so called ring of fire. This is an country in the Pacific Ocean where a batch of temblors occur and where there is a batch of volcanic activity. The northern part of Chile ( centered on Antofagasta ) has experienced the most temblors: 61 strong ( M6.0-6.9 ) , 10 major ( M7.0-M7.9 ) , and one great temblor of magnitude 8.0 since the beginning of 1975. This means 80 heavy temblors in period of 35 old ages, about 2 per twelvemonth. The cardinal part around Santa Cruz has experienced a small less temblors: 52 strong, and 7 major temblors since 1975. 3 Why yes/no a opportunity to tsunamis with the temblor? With a sudden gesture of the sea floor, there can be triggered a tsunami. This tsunami on the 27th of February merely had a tallness of 1.29 metre, but because of its high velocity, it can still hold black effects. There is a possibility of a tsunami because it s an pelagic home base that is subducting the South-American home base. With subducting home bases, there is perpendicular gesture of the home bases, which triggers the tsunami. The opportunity of a tsunami is therefore a batch bigger along a destructive ( meeting ) home base boundary than along a constructive home base boundary.

Free Essays on The Black Death

The Black Death was the most known incidence of the bubonic plague that killed at least 25 million people throughout Europe during the 14th century. The bubonic plague first appeared in Asia then moved at an alarmingly fast speed along the trade routes towards Europe carried by fleas that infested on rats (Hollister 1974). The disease was extremely swift where as explained by Boccaccio (1351) victims often â€Å"ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors in paradise†. The impact that the pestilence had on Europe was extreme and the psychological effects must never be underestimated. Immediate responses differ widely between people with some choosing to flee from their cities and family towards the countryside, others giving way to religious frenzy and debauchery, while some remained faithfully at their posts hoping for divine protection (Hollister 1974). No matter what people did nothing halted the disease and no one emerged from the ordeal unaffected. Psychologically, the plague altered the way people of the 14th and 15th centuries viewed the world. Nobody wept for the dead, since each person was awaiting their own death, and so many died that everyone thought that the world was coming to an end. One of the firsts and most obvious consequences from the enormous amount of life lost was human behaviour and psychology (Holmes 1988). When the plague first attacked, the commonplaces of everyday life just stopped, peasants stopped ploughing, merchants closed their shops, and even churchmen stopped offering last rites (Gottfried 1983). Boccaccio’s ‘The Decameron’ not only details the horrid physical effects the plague had on people but also the social, the plague forced people to run from one another, â€Å"brother abandoned brother†¦wife abandoned husband, and even worse, almost unbelievable- fathers and mothers neglected to tend and care for their children, as if they were not their own†. This is support ed by Di... Free Essays on The Black Death Free Essays on The Black Death The Black Death was the most known incidence of the bubonic plague that killed at least 25 million people throughout Europe during the 14th century. The bubonic plague first appeared in Asia then moved at an alarmingly fast speed along the trade routes towards Europe carried by fleas that infested on rats (Hollister 1974). The disease was extremely swift where as explained by Boccaccio (1351) victims often â€Å"ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors in paradise†. The impact that the pestilence had on Europe was extreme and the psychological effects must never be underestimated. Immediate responses differ widely between people with some choosing to flee from their cities and family towards the countryside, others giving way to religious frenzy and debauchery, while some remained faithfully at their posts hoping for divine protection (Hollister 1974). No matter what people did nothing halted the disease and no one emerged from the ordeal unaffected. Psychologically, the plague altered the way people of the 14th and 15th centuries viewed the world. Nobody wept for the dead, since each person was awaiting their own death, and so many died that everyone thought that the world was coming to an end. One of the firsts and most obvious consequences from the enormous amount of life lost was human behaviour and psychology (Holmes 1988). When the plague first attacked, the commonplaces of everyday life just stopped, peasants stopped ploughing, merchants closed their shops, and even churchmen stopped offering last rites (Gottfried 1983). Boccaccio’s ‘The Decameron’ not only details the horrid physical effects the plague had on people but also the social, the plague forced people to run from one another, â€Å"brother abandoned brother†¦wife abandoned husband, and even worse, almost unbelievable- fathers and mothers neglected to tend and care for their children, as if they were not their own†. This is support ed by Di...

How the Alchemist relates to African American Studies Essay

How the Alchemist relates to African American Studies - Essay Example In fact, the same sense of dare is conveyed by several other characters of the story as well, like the camel driver said while talking to Santiago, â€Å"We are afraid of losing what we have, whether it’s our life or our possessions or our property. But this fear evaporates when we understand that our life stories and the history of the world were written by the same hand† (Coelho 76). African American literature narrates several accounts of the African tribes’ wars most of them originated because one tribe wanted to attack the other and confiscate their possessions in order to become richer than the other. One can sense the same level of dare in Santiago’s resolution to keep going on and encounter further challenges with whatever he attains rather than reverting to where he came from. His ability to struggle and find work elsewhere and earn his living also tells that he is hard working like African

Financial risk management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial risk management - Essay Example man Sachs bank saw its profits decline due significant losses being realized from large subprime write downs which were followed by mortgage crisis meaning beneficiaries were unable to pay. The short selling of subprime mortgage securities to Lehman Brothers is blamed to have worsened the financial crisis to the detriment of both institutions. As a result, the bank approached the federal government for a bailout under the troubled asset relief programme (TARP). Since the loan came with high interest rates and short repayment period, the bank’s financial condition worsened and become highly geared. In summary, Goldman Sachs financial crisis can be classified as threefold, that is, financial malpractices among traders and top executives in trading mortgage securities (operational risk), mortgage industry crisis/ risks and high financial leverage. Risk management theories that can be used to explain the crisis an offer insights into possible solutions are discussed hereunder. Weinberg (2007) noted that the bank relied on incomes from trading to maintain its profit growth which was risky. Therefore, the bank should have maintained a prudent model to monitor the value at risk (VaR) for securities being traded. VaR model shows the maximum estimated loss for a portfolio factoring market related risks at a given time horizon (Esch, Kieffer and Lopez, 2005). Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) would also have helped the bank to understand the behavior of capital markets and possibilities of excess, negative and optimal return on a portfolio by analyzing the securities market line (Elton et al., 2010). Brownian motion model of financial risk management though highlights useful risk strategies useful under normal circumstances was found to fail in providing rational understanding of financial turmoil (Borma and Sharma, 2011). Boma, S. & Sharma, D. (2011). â€Å" How much trust should risk managers place on â€Å"Brownian Motions† of financial markets?† International Journal

The Ancient View of Blacks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Ancient View of Blacks - Essay Example "The Greeks and Romans.in the first European accounts of the physical characteristics of certain African peoples, frequently used a color-term - Aithiops, Aethiops, Ethiopian- literally a burnt-faced person - as a designation for the blackest and most wooly-haired people known to them. But it is not generally known that Ethiopian carried no stigma of inferiority" (Bowser 1995 pg 3). If the way that dark skinned people were depicted in the artwork and writings of those times is 'no stigma of inferiority' then it would be reasonable to assume that these people were treated as equals, and dissimilar to the disdain with which some dark-skinned individuals, and their communities are treated in today's modern world. That slavery was a common practice during the Greek and Roman eras is readily accepted as fact by most experts. Evidence that slavery was common and accepted can be found in writings from many philosophers of that era including Aristotle. "Aristotle's doctrine of natural slavery was a refined version of such reputable, practical wisdom on slavery through it we are gaining access to something approaching the standard view of the supposedly rational Greek slave-holder on the nature and justification of slavery." (Cartledge 1993 pg 122). Because Aristotle was justifying the ancient Greek's use of slavery, we can assume that slavery was important enough to them that they felt they had to justify it. In modern terms, or scenarios, when mentioning slavery an immediate thought comes to mind concerning the Black race, probably because the last time there was prevalent slavery it was due to that race being enslaved. That was not necessarily true in ancient Greek and Rome, especially with the Greeks, because (some believe) that would mean that they were enslaving themselves or their relatives.Bernal says, "Plutarch admitted Greece's deep cultural debts to Egypt, he took it as axiomatic, for instance, that Greek religion came from Egypt." (Bernal 2001 pg 3). If, as Plutarch admitted, Greek religion came from Egypt, would that not mean that Egyptians also came and settled what was to become Greece It would seem likely, and if that held true, and again we refer back to Bernal and his assertion that Egyptians were from the Bla ck race, that would mean that the Greeks were descendants of Negroid descedants. At the very least experts believe that the Egyptians intermixed with the Kushites (who were black). "The history of Kushite-Egyptian contacts was in large part the story of Egypt's efforts to exploit the human and natural resources of Kush, and of Kush's response to the commercial and imperial ambitions of its northern neighbors" (Snowden 1983 pg 21). Snowden states that Pepynakht (a noble from Elephantine) reported that he had been commissioned to pacify the countries to the south (Kush) and that he did so. An inscription from Pepynakht's tomb informs us that "he had slain many leaders, and that he had returned with prisoners.how many.were Negroid is not known, but Negroeswere among captives taken in the southern campaigns of Pepy I and II." (Snowden 1983 pg

Similarities in the Film The Hour and Mrs Dalloway

Similarities in the Film The Hour and Mrs Dalloway The similarities in the themes of the film The Hour and the novel Mrs. Dalloway. The Hours is a 2002 movie directed by Stephen Daldry and Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway has the similarities in the theme of homosexuality. Both the film and the novel depict all its action in one single day. Clarissa Dalloway in the novel and Clarissa Vaughn in the film wonder if they have the right decision to choose the right person to spend their lives with. Both the film The Hour and the novel Mrs. Dalloway   are absolute masterpieces. Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway tells the story of an entire day in the eyes of Clarissa Dalloway. It is confined to one single day, Wednesday in mid-June 1923, culminating in a party given by Clarissa Dalloway at the end of the day. Its also limited to one place, London, and emotionally to the relationship of Mrs. Dalloway with her husband Richard Dalloway, Peter Walsh, Sally Seton, and Septimus Warren Smith. Clarissa Dalloways character is developed through the thoughts which pass through her mind in one single day at different times. Whenever the big bang chimes or the backfiring of the motor engine, the point of view shifts regularly from one character to another and sometimes happens within one single sentence. At each shift, the author provides an indirect look into the characters thoughts and emotions. The narrator just reports the characters thoughts. For example, Clarissa sleeps in her own room and her isolation is a sexual failure to connect with her husband Richard. She imagines herself as a virgin nun in a white dress: Mrs. Dalloway raised her hand to her eyes, and, as the maid shut the door, she heard the swish of Lucys skirt, she felt like a nun who has left the world and feels fold round her familiar veils and responses to old devotions. (Woolf 29) The verb felt and feel shows that the narrators knowledge of the interior of the main character. Such a radical narrative techni que causes a great confusion to readers, yet at the same time enlightens the meaning of her story. From the beginning to the end of Mrs. Dalloway, there are no parts or chapters. The structure of this novel is very compact, which is concentrated in one single day on purpose. All the incidents happen in the novel is connected with each other very well. The technique that Woolf uses is the stream of consciousness which also enriches her writing. Stephen Daldrys The Hours has the same path of Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway by depicting all its action in a single day, where events take place in three different years. The first event captures Virginia Woolf in 1923, preparing to write the novel, Mrs. Dalloway, in her home, Richmond, London (Daldry, The Hour). The other year 1951, depicts the troubled, homemaker Laura Brown moves from her marriage or life to read the novel, Mrs. Dalloway (Daldry, The Hour). The third year shows the New Yorker, Clarissa Vaughan, in 2001, dedicating her entire day preparing a party for her college days friend and lover Richard. The party is in honor of Richard, an HIV-positive poet, and author about to receive a prestigious award that he finds little meaning in it (Daldry, The Hour). Clarissa Dalloway in the novel and Clarissa Vaughn in the film are throwing parties in Richards honor and both chose the same flowers. The film The Hour and the novel Mrs. Dalloway have a close correlation in terms of both the story arrangement and unfolding of the characters in the film closely captures the characters in the novel. In Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway, the theme of homosexuality takes a major part, where Mrs. Dalloway herself as the main character of the novel, does not enjoy her marriage because of poor communication and lacking of connection. Clarissas husband, Richard Dalloway, comes home with a bunch of flowers meant for his wife. However, he fails to tell Clarissa that he loves her because he could not bring himself to say he loved her; not in so many words. (118) On the other hand, Clarissa gets distracted by the memories of Sally Seton, her childhood friend and loves interest, with whom she shared a kiss, which she defines as: The most exquisite moment of her whole life†¦and she felt that she had been given a present, wrapped up, and told just to keep it, not to look at it- a diamond, something infinitely precious. (35) Mrs. Dalloway has never forgotten about Seton, who is now married to Lord Rosseter and has five boys. Clarissa Dalloway aspires to be like Sally, but she fears judgment from society about her potential homosexuality, which is one of the reasons behind her marriage does not flourish. On the contrary, in Stephen Daldrys The Hours, the theme of homosexuality is developed and portrayed in the form of the ten-year intimate relationship between Clarissa Vaughn and Sally Lester. Ten years is a long time for Clarissa and Sally to live together in the same apartment sharing everything that a husband and wife shares. Clarissa Vaughn in The Hour differs from Clarissa Dalloway in Mrs. Dalloway because she chose to not to be with Richard and ended up with Sally. Also, in the film The Hour, the interesting parts are the women in each era of the film shared a kiss with another woman. For example, Lauras neighbor Kitty drops in to ask her if she can take care of Lauras dog while Laura is in the hospital for a procedure. Kitty pretends to be cheerful; however, Laura feels Kittys fear and boldly kisses Kitty on the lips (Daldry, The Hour). Both Stephen Daldrys The Hours and Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway present a unique way of constructing stories. The idea of developing the story depicts all its action in one single day, demonstrates the creative nature of both the author Virginia Woolf and the director Stephen Daldry. The story revolves on a single day, yet, they are able to deliver the significant message with the similarities in the theme of homosexuality to the reader as a novel and film, that could have considered different writing angles. Director Stephen Daldry has done a fantastic job of delivering Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway into his own modern retelling, The Hours. Works Cited The Hours. Dir. Stephen Daldry. Paramount Pictures. 2002. Film  Ã‚   Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1925. Print.

John Wesley and the Methodist Church- Analysis of “Methodism and the Ch

I have been a firm believer that if one does not understand where you come from you can have little understanding of where your heading. The first thirty-two pages of the book on â€Å"Methodism and the Christian Heritage in England† gave a background as to Wesley’s foundation that so many authors overlook. The first page summed it up best in: â€Å"The long course of English ecclesiastical history met the force of a new concern for renewal, both individual and institutional. A long tradition of propositional certainty of faith met the power of a personal experience of faith. An institution built by and for the establishment met a concern for the souls and bodies of the disenfranchised† (p.1, Heitzenrater). This explained the transformation of both individuals and the Church at this moment in history. Of how a small congregation in Stanton Harcourt would be the starting point for a â€Å"guest preacher, would shortly become the leader of an evangelical revival that would, during his lifetime, spread across the lands and become a trans-Atlantic movement† (p. 1, Heitzenrater). How many present at St. Michael’s on that June 11 Sunday morning in 1738 realized just how important this day would be in the history of the Church in the British Isle, America and throughout the world. How the step taken by the monarch’s of England influenced the Church in England to be transformed into the Church of England. The struggle in the theology of Lutheran, Calvinist, Catholicism, and Moravianism, to name just a few, would all have an influence in the foundation of the Methodist movement. Of how â€Å"John Wesley, paternal grandfather was brought before the Bishop of Bristol, Gilbert Ironside, to answer charges of nonconforming to the Thirty-Nine Articles† (p. 1... ...day: how do we make the church relevant to a society that see’s it was being a product of a long past believe system. How do we allow people to explore their faith question and at the same time provide a firm foundation? The influence of Calvinist, Mystics, New Age, Atheisms, and other religious faith has caused confusion among our cognation as to what they believe in. By studying this text with our congregations we can provide them with an understanding of where Methodism came from and where we are heading. I am looking forward in gaining a better understanding of where we came from to become Methodist so that I can better chart a course of where we are heading as a congregation, denomination and a people of faith. Let the journey begin. Works Cited 1. Heitzenrater, Richard P. 1995, Wesley and the People Called Methodist. Abingdon Press, Nashville, TN.

History of Architecture in Puerto Rico Essay

Puerto Rico was first discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1493. He named the place San Juan Baustista and sooner or later the people called it Boriquen Tierra del alto senor or the Land of the Noble Lord. Juan Ponce de Leon became the country’s first governor . Upon his arrival, he constituted a colony in Caparra until such time that Caparra had to be moved to a nearby location with a sound environment. The name Caparra was changed to Puerto Rico which means Rich Port because its harbor is among the best in the world (Everyculture. com, n. d. . Antilles has a series of islands closely situated together with extends more than one thousand miles from Florida all the way to Venezuela or South America. There is the Greater Antilles and the Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico together with Dominican Republic, Jamaica and Haiti form part of the Greater Antilles. Puerto Rico is the smallest island in the easternmost part of Greater Antilles with a roughly rectangular shape (Solboricua. com,1998). The element, design and architecture of a particular place is as much important as everything else. It is architecture that gives meaning to the place. Good architecture is a reflection of a country’s triumphs and adventures. Architecture at its best light makes the outline of the country. Buildings, cathedrals and homes scream out the personality of the nation and the people . A simple architecture can turn a piece of art into a masterpiece but great architecture breathes life into anything thereby enabling it to achieve a harmonious blend with the society. It is evident in the country’s architecture that Puerto Rico has a substantial amount of Spanish influence during the course of time. The condensed, twisting cobblestone can be similarly compared with Andalusia of Spain. San Juan, otherwise known as La Ciudad Amurallada which is the capital city was founded in 1521. San Juan has a classic example of Spanish architecture, it is home to hundreds of reminiscent historical events. It has more than four hundred years of history stored inside a military threshold. The landmarks of the San Felipe del Morro are considered as one of Puerto Rico’s most prized treasures. After the commonwealth renovation, San Juan was turned into one of the most amazing tourist spot in the world. The city was built using Spanish plans which was organized to make intersecting and perpendicular streets and plazas all over the city. Spanish architecture was brought back in the country during the American occupation. The families belonging to the elites built fortresses and castles that resemble Art Deco structures (Everyculture. com, n. d. ). Puerto Rico has been the home of 16th and 19th century architecture. This country has been the home of classical, contemporary and medieval architecture. Gothic architecture can be seen as well in the San Juan church which was built in the 16th century. The El Morro Fortress is considered an international site. This is a six-level fortress that was built in 1540 and was finished in 1589. The name San Felipe del Morro was adopted in honor of King Phillip II. This building is filled with dungeons and tunnels. It is now under the administration of the National Park Service. Along side the El Morro is the San Cristobal Fort. This ancient structure provided one of the largest defense in the history of America. Like the El Morro, it also contains mazes and tunnels which are built to stand on its own if ever the others would fall. Another architectural wonder in Puerto Rico was the Plaza del Mercado which was an old market that had been revived and turned into a piece of tourist spot. The government allocated a substantial amount of their budget in order to restore their heritage (The Puerto Rico Channel, 2009). The part of Old San Juan is the home of breathtaking tourist attractions. Every year, more and more people go to Puerto Rico rather than any place in the Caribbean. This is the perfect place to see if people want to get a picture of the Old World. There are several plazas such as the Plaza de San Jose. In the center of it stands the statue of Ponce de Leon made entirely of bronze. Plaza del Quinto Centenario has Christopher Columbus’ statue about forty feet made in ceramic and granite which can be interpreted to mean as a symbolism of American roots. It was the work of one of the country’s top artist, Jaime Suarez. Another interesting site would be the Plaza de Armas which has four statues each over a hundred years old, symbolizing the four seasons. Plaza de Colon otherwise known as Columbus Square contains tablets made in bronze in order to remember the significant aspects of his life. The Plaza de la Rogativa’s main attraction was the sculpture of the procession of a pious lady. This piece of art signifies an important event which happened in that same place in 1797. In that year, a British troop lead by Sir Ambercrombie sailed onto the coast of San Juan bay with the plan of attacking the city and taking control. The plan failed so they resulted in alternate plan of blocking the port of the city in the hopes of starving the residents until they come into a point of surrender. The whole town grew desperate so the governor told the people to call for divine assistance. In response, all the women in town gathered and formed a procession carrying bells and torches. When the British heard the bell and saw all the lights, they thought that reinforcements came to the aid of the people so they left ( Puerto Rico, 2009). It is a wonderful thing that Puerto Rico imbibed the rich culture of Spain during its colonization but as good as it may be, the country also has its own pure and uninfluenced Puerto Rican architecture. An example would be its very own Caribe Hotel. Its colors, structure and striking murals reflect its own rich culture and not Spain’s. The main feature of of this hotel is that it was once a part of the medieval fort that the Spanish explorers used (The Puerto Rico Channel, 2009). The beauty of this country is that it never runs out of sights that stand out during the course of time. A person can look every direction and see pieces of architecture lying all over the country such as fortresses, parks, churches and buildings. La Fortaleza was built as a defense against attacks of the Indians. This structure was the very first among the several military concentration camps that were constructed along side the San Juan Bay. The original structure underwent changes because of the passing of the time so in the late 1800’s, this building was reconstructed. Puerto Rico also has its very own Madrid in the heart of San Juan city, it is called Alcadia. When it comes to churches, Puerto Rico has a handful. The San Juan Cathedral, the second oldest cathedral in the west was built in 1521. The very first building was made of wood but it got destroyed by a hurricane two times, once in 1540 and again in 1598. The Cathedral standing today was the result of efforts to restore the structure that once was in order to preserve the its heritage. In the church lies the tomb of the country’s first ever governor Ponce de Leon. The San Jose Church was the first ever church and monastery of Saint Thomas Aquinas which was constructed by the Dominicans in the memory of Saint Thomas de Aquinas and also to serve not only as a refuge but a sanctuary as well. Puerto Rico is a country blessed with museums. The Pablo Casals Museum is considered a Spanish legacy . It contains artifacts, memorabilia and library full of tapes of festivals and concerts. Casa de los Dones or the House of the Two Foyers is Puerto Rico’s home of the Indians located at the streets of San Juan. It is full of archaeological exhibits. The Asilo de Beneficencia was built to help poor people. It was constructed during the 1800’s . The place now offers exhibits everyday, it is called the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture. Puerto Rico’s White House called the Casa Blanca was the former residence of Governor Ponce de Leon and his children’s children for over two hundred years. After the military took over, they used it as home for the commanders. The White House today holds over several rooms each designed with a different period associated with the history of the house (Puerto Rico, 2009). Many art lovers and scholars firmly believe that architecture greatly contributes to the pillar of success of any nation. Puerto Rico is a classic example that architecture gives life to the nation. Through a country’s architecture, its history can be fully appreciated. Somebody once said that the present can never be understood without knowing the past. In the same way, the value of Puerto Rico’s deep and rich culture can never be fully appreciated without the beaming architectural structures of the fortresses, cathedrals and museums. These architectural pieces holds in time all that the country went through, from the time when the island was first discovered until the Spanish colonization and the modernization. Every memory that the country holds dear are steps away from each other. Taking a look and examining the historical landmarks all over Puerto Rico enables any person to take a trip down the country’s very own memory lane. The country itself is a living memorabilia of everything that went through its nation and this fact can be greatly attributed to its architecture.

Lawford Electric Company Essay

Critical Summary This sale was Lawford’s to lose. Lawford Electric Company’s ongoing, 8-year relationship with Bayfield Milling Company, coupled with the geographic proximity of the two businesses, gave them a competitive advantage upon which they were unable to capitalize. The price tag of the drive system for which Lawford prepared a competitive bid represented more than 17 years of Bayfield’s average annual purchases from Lawford. ¹ Sales engineer Robert Allen’s approach was simplistic and his notes suggest an assumption that the $871,000 sale would be a slam dunk, largely due to the factors mentioned in the opening paragraph. Each of the three sentences which comprise Allen’s strategy reveals a flawed perception of his role. His strategy was centered only on key decision makers and his priorities were 1) emphasizing benefits and 2) â€Å"influencing the final specs† (pg. 3), rather than utilizing an inquisitive, collaborative approach to gain a genuine understanding of customer needs. Allen bombarded his contacts at Bayfield with specs, benefits, and pamphlets and regarded as trivial several potentially significant interactions. He made unfounded assumptions and, as a result of his focus on influencing the process, missed opportunities to explore and adequately address customer concerns. ² In addition, the number and frequency of calls and visits made by Allen to Bayfield seem relatively low considering the size of the contract. Lawford Electric did not win this contract because they lacked sufficient information to provide an ideal solution. Problem Statement Lawford Electric must ensure that its sales force has the training and support necessary to close sales using an approach whereby customer needs are fully explored. Suggested Alternatives Sustain Quandary Adoption of this strategy is to maintain the status quo at Lawford Electric. Elevate, Collaborate, and Evaluate Adoption of this strategy would see Lawford Electric â€Å"sharpen the saw†, i.e. provide training which would elevate the sales skills of its managers and sales force. Management and sales personnel would periodically analyze journal entries and perform collaborative, qualitative assessment of salespersons’ strategies, tactics, and results. Operation ‘86’ Adoption of this strategy would have Lawford Electric relieve Robert Allen and/or Fred Webster of their employment for letting this sale slip through their fingers. Choice Elevate, Collaborate, and Evaluate This is the best option because it is most likely to improve Lawford’s sales process, improve customer relationships, and increase sales. Benefits of this approach include the sharing of knowledge gained from collaborative analysis and the lessening of likelihood that costly missteps will be repeated. Implementation 1. Research and schedule sales training for staff. Estimated Time of Completion (ETC) 2 weeks 2. Schedule monthly meetings with each salesperson to discuss activity, providing for higher frequency of meetings for high-ticket bids or otherwise abnormal situations. ETC 2 days 3. A. Select sample of past cases from sales team. ETC After sales training B. Dissect and analyze 1 sample case ETC 1 week C. Disseminate findings to all employees of Lawford Electric. ETC 3 days D. Repeat with another case Conclusion Lawford Electric’s customer relationships and long-term revenue had likely been suffering as a direct result of the approach used in this case. Going forward, a focus on understanding customer needs will be integral to their success. APPENDIX 1. Bayfield’s â€Å"annual purchases from Lawford occasionally totaled as much as $50,000†. Proposed price of system: $871,000. 871,000/50,000 = 17.42 2. Examples include: 1.13.78 – Allen assumed that Gibson’s â€Å"pretty hard-nosed† comment pertained to cost. It is noted on 11.13.78 that Lorenz, â€Å"it turned out, was a stickler for attention to small details.† 3.14.78 –Upon learning of the Bayfield engineers’ downtime, Allen may have used this as a chance to gain access to them. The original reason given for their unavailability, on 1.13.78, was that they were busy working on problems with the new line. 5.30.78 – â€Å"Good-naturedly† dismissed an issue brought to his attention by the foreman regarding instability of a Lawford regulator. This represents a lost opportunity to create goodwill by discussing and working to address the issue. 7.17.78 – The last two sentences of this entry are potentially dangerous. Here, Allen made . 9.20.78 – He notes that Lorenz â€Å"asked very few additional questions† and â€Å"seemed sold on the Lawford benefits.† A lack of questions often indicates a lack of interest. The lack of questions is especially curious in this case, where the myriad technical details would seem to generate several questions and/or topics of discussion. 11.13.78 – Allen finds out that Lorenz is â€Å"a stickler for attention to small details,† which contradicts his earlier assumption that cost was paramount.

Education in Sudan

Education in Sudan Free Online Research Papers Representation of the Sudans Education A work of literature can not be separated from the context in it occurred. The context of the work of literature includes two main dimensions: the dimension of time and the dimension of space (place). Season of Migration to the North takes place in the first half of the last century on Sudan. Some of the incidents occurred during the period on which the narrator or Mustafa Saeed were outside their homeland living in England .The novel reflects the actual historical facts about Sudans education in that period Education is crucial in any type of society for the preservation of the lives of its members and the maintenance of the social structure (Rodeny ,et.al,†¦. ). Education is a crucial aspect for the life of any nation as it is the case for the Sudanese. The importance of education came from the fact that its influence is huge on many different aspects of the Sudanese life. Im going to cover this crucial aspect of life by the analysis which will depend mainly on what it was mentioned about education within the text of Season of Migration to the North† and I will connect these indications about the status of education in Sudan with the real information which we get from history books. During the first half of the twentieth century, educational institutions were, for the first time, introduced by the colonial power (England) to the Sudanese culture. Apparently, the population of Sudan who was not acquainted to the colonial educational system (a system that served the colonial power’ plans) did not perceive the idea easily. The people feared sending their own children to schools as was explicitly mentioned in p.20of the novel: That was the time when we first had schools. I remember now that the people were not keen about them and so the government would send its officials to scour the villages and tribal communities while the people hide their sons. They thought of schools as being a great evil that had come to them with the armies of occupation The colonial schools system was originally introduced to Sudan for the purpose of training Sudanese to participate in the domination and the exploitation of their own nation, for the purpose of creating inferiority complex, and of creating confusion. The main purpose of colonial system was to train Africans to participate in the domination and exploitation of the continent as a whole. Colonial education was education for subordination, exploitation the creation of mental confusion and the development of underdevelopment (Rodeny,et.al,†¦.) The colonial educational system was involved in creating an alienated Sudanese class in their own homeland In Rodeny ,Corbal and Ngugi as guides to Africa post colonial literature ,we were told that the most alienated in Africa were the educated Africans The educated Africans were the most alienated Africans on the continent. At each further stage of education, they were buttered and succumbed to the white capitalist system, and after being given salaries they could then afford to sustain a style imported from outside.. That further transformed their mentality. One may think of the reasons that made these educated African alienated from their society, about their role in the development of their underdeveloped country and their loyalty †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦etc. The first reason for being alienated from Sudanese is properly the role that the educated Sudanese class played during the English occupation .The graduates of Gordon collage , which was very much like intermediate school ,were the junior government officials such as mamours†¦etc. The English commissioner gave them orders to bring in the taxes from their kinsmen. They had to opay the orders; otherwise, they will lose their jobs or they will be punished for the accuses of inflammation of mutiny against England control over Sudan. The ignorant Sudanese were so exploited to the degree that they hated their Sudanese brothers and loved the English commissioner who pretended to be full of mercy and pity .The English commissioner pretended to behave in that merciful way to avoid the fate of the previous English commissioner in Sudan who was assassinated by the patriot Sudanese . The educated were thought to be the one who exploited the nation. Secondly, the educated were alienated from the society because of their hypridity. They have a culture of their own. Their culture of inbetweenness includes both the features from the Sudanese and European cultures .They were living in the third space. Both of the narrator and Mustafa saeed can be considered alien to the people of the village. They were different in certain ways. For Mustafa Sa’eed, he was alien to the village in the literal sense of the word since he has no root in the village. The villagers knew very little about him as appears when the narrator asked his friend and his grandfather about Saeed. Their answer was that he was from Alkhortoum and he settled in the village five years ago and married Mahmoud daughter four years ago and his behaviors caused no harm. These information is so few to the degree that when you know such information about a person you actually do not know him or her .The more important aspect of his alienation is on the intell ectual level .His way of perceiving the world is different from the way the society does . This appears in many of his actions during his residence in the village such as his relation with his wife Husna, he did not treat her in the same way other men in the village did with their own wives .He acknowledged her rights to think, to be independent and to have a voice .This was never done or accepted in the village society. He also seems to be alien when he cared about giving excuses for coming to visit the narrator at noon .In the village culture ,visiting your neighbors in any time of the day ,even if it is the noon or the middle of the night or the early mourning ,is accepted without bothering yourself of making excuse. . The narrator is also alien in his way of thinking, such as his refusal to acknowledge Husna marriage to Wad Rayes while the whole population of that village accepted this marriage as a normal thing to happen. He gave Husna an excuse for her deed, but the whole society considered her deed as a shameful deed of a female done in the history of the peaceful village. The most important reason for being alienated from the Society is the fact that these educated people where greatly influenced by the education they received from the colonial school system to the degree that they believed firmly in the ideas and the believes of colonialism. The influence of the colonial educational system continued after the end of colonialism. The educated retained the ideologies, the believes and the attitudes of colonialism while ruling their homeland. We can no longer consider Sudan as independent state even after the end of military colonialism since the colonial power ruled it by the black masked faces who carried in their minds the white thoughts and believes .The colonial power left the native land but still its control of the land continued . This was stated directly in the conversation between the narrator and the retired Mamour PP52-53. The people would gumble and complain to the English commissioner ,and naturally it was the English commissioner who was indulgent and showed mercy . And in this way they sowed hatred in the hearts of the people for us , their kinsmen ,and love for the colonizers , the intruders †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Have we not become independent? Have we not become free men in our country ?Be sure ,though that they will direct our affairs from a far . This is because they left behind them people who think as they do †¦.It was the nobodies who had the best jobs in the days of the English ? The graduates from the intermediate school , specifically Gordon collage ,played a marginal role if they played any role at all in the social aspect of life , their role was merely writing essays from time to time in wall newspapers or delivering speeches in certain religious and social occasions such as the memory of the birthday of the prophet _peace be upon Him _ †¦etc or making discussions of literature in their homes and clubs taking on their consideration the fear of authority and its intensive pressure upon them . . ? . . ?345. ( ,.). If this was the case with the graduates of Gordon collage, what was the case for the graduates of the universities of Egypt, England, Lebanon†¦.etc ? The status of these graduates from foreign universities was not better than their kinsmen, the graduates of Gordon collage. They were unfortunately deprived from the most crucial thing which would probably help them to develop their homeland if they were allowed to have it .They were deprived from having a voice to oppose the corrupted orders of those in higher positions like ministers . We find the narrator telling his friend Mahjoub that: A civil servant like me can not change anything if our masters say do so _and _so we do it† It seems that its neither the educated Sudanese from villages who occupy jobs in governmental offices, nor these who are graduates of intermediate schools, nor those who graduated from primary schools were able to make the change. The question that asks itself is who is the one that has the ability to make the change, and to bring the development to the country if the educated themselves were not able to bring the change to the corrupt systems that dominate Sudan .? Is the party (the Nationalist Democratic Socialist Party) going to bring the change to the country ? When we continue reading through the same page ,we will find the answer which is negative . The party is also handicapped .Its not able to make schools nor hospitals, which are the most crucial basic infrastructure in any society .Then, what is the benefit of having a party that does not work or not able to bring development to the country . You are the head of the national democratic socialist party the party in power, so why not pour out your anger on them Mahjoub said apologetically , if it had not been for the calamities. on the day it happened we were preparing to travel in a large hospital also an intermediate boys school ,a primary school for girls , an agriculture schools and. The above quotation refers to a very important historical fact which is the lack of schools in Sudan and the centerization of schools in the main cities like Al Khartoum, Omdarman. The educated and the socialist party wanted to develop the country by developing the education system, so we find their calls to develop educational system and to build new schools in Sudan especially in villages. Mahjoub informed us about the intention of the village delegation to ask for a primary school for girls since there is non, and a secondary school for boys and a primary school for girls, this indicates that there was a primary school for boys in the small village .During the 1930s, there were only ten schools in Sudan which is a spacious country .How many students do these schools teach? Perhaps five thousands or even ten thousand students are taught in these schools and what about the rest of the nation? For sure they will be left ignorant with no education .What will be the fate of a nation with little education? The other problem which Sudan suffers from as any other underdeveloped country was the centerization of infrastructure in the main big cities especially educational institutions and the lack of these institutions in the small villages in al khourtoum and Oumdarman, the old and the new capitals of Sudan, the educational institutions are available, but in small villages ,there were no such institutions the thing that made many students walk long distance to reach the nearest school since by now you probably realize the fact that the one ( e.g. corrupted governmental officers) who is not eager to provide villages with schools is ,for sure, not eager to provide the children with transportation methods (buses cars , trains †¦.) The problem was not peculiar to the quantity of education but also to the quality of the needed education. What kind of education does Sudan need in that period of time? The answer for this question may be directly indicated by the response of Mustafa Saeed to the narrator when the later informed Mustafa Saeed that he learned English poetry during his study period in England, not engineering nor medical sciences †¦We find that Saeed was at first disappointed but later he admitted the fact that Sudan in need of any kind of education not a specific study only as indicated below: We have no need of poetry here .It would have been better if you’d studied agriculture, engineering, or medicine But we are farmers and think only of what concern us Knowledge of whatever kind is necessary for the advancement of our country This disappointment of Mustafa saeed is due to the fact that he was properly worrying about the coming destiny of the Sudan and its nation. He realized the nation’ intensive needs for agriculture, engineering and medical knowledge and he was hopping that this need would be reduced a little by the narrator, but he was greatly disappointed when he knew that the narrator studied poetry. He, as scholar in economics, did not realize the influence of poetry on the self, the only thing that matters to him is statistics, numbers He few minutes later realizes the fact that the country needed any kind of knowledge even poetry. Agricultural schools were so important and so valuable since the Sudanese were living on farming not trade nor manufacturing ,so we find Mahjoub saying that the delegation they were preparing to send in order to demand of the party who is in power or perhaps of the government directly their needs of schools and hospitals . The last thing that we can say about education as represented in Season of Migration of the North is the ideas of rulers of Sudan about the situation and their way of behaving .The ideas of the rulers of Sudan appear clearly on the education conference. They started taking of unifying curriculum even though the schools were not built yet.!!! They say: no contradiction must occur between what the student learns at school and between what the reality of the life of the people. He justifies the fact that no schools were built as away of preventing a bourgeoisie from being created but the bourgeoisie is already created .It is living far away from reality and he is one of its member . This person, who does not want to make the students feel the difference between their schools and reality, escapes the hot summer of Sudan to live in his villa in Europe. His wife also does her shopping in Europe Yet he justifies the lack of good schools by fearing of creating a remoted away bourgeoisie . All in all, the Sudanese did not accept the educational colonial system .This system was intending to exploit the society by creating an alienated class of Sudanese. The corrupted government officials also exploit the nation by controlling the nation resources. The education is a crucial aspect of the life of any nation therefore the education should be improved to bring in the development for the nation in all respects of life. References : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.,Rodney .et.al .Guides to African post colonial literature.F-M . omoregie . English Department. University of Boston . www.thecore . nus.edu.sg/post/Africa/omeiogie 11.htm#wrz . , . . ? ? .1924-1989? .1342-1409? . . Research Papers on Education in SudanStandardized TestingBringing Democracy to AfricaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeResearch Process Part OneHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and CanadaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Australian TOT(Terms of trade) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Australian TOT(Terms of trade) - Essay Example On the other hand, a TOT value greater than 100% implies that the country is accumulating capital or more money is coming into the country from the exports. If the TOT of a country improves (rise above 100), it means that for each export unit sold it can be able to buy more units of the imported goods. Therefore, a rise or increase in the TOT creates a benefit in terms of the number of goods required to be exported in order to purchase a particular amount of imports. Improving TOT can also contain a valuable effect on the domestic cost-push inflation because an improvement shows falling import prices relative to the prices of exports. However, a country can undergo suffering in terms of the falling export volumes and a deterioration payments balance. Contrary to the indications of an increasing TOT, a deteriorating TOT (decreasing below 100) shows that a country needs to export increased amount of goods in order to buy a particular quantity of imports.1 Australian TOT Between the yea r 1998- 1999 and the year 2008 to 2009, the TOT of Australia have undergone or went through an unprecedented rice of 75% indicating the alterations in both the composition and prices of traded services and goods. The prices of exports grew by 86% whereas that of imports grew by 9%. The increase or rise in the prices of exports was driven by the rise in metal ores and coal while the decrease in prices of most manufactured goods assisted in keeping the import prices down.2 In the year 2011, the TOT peaked rising to a level of 105% above the preciously prevailing values from the year 2002. This particular boom in TOT was attributed largely to the staggering high prices that the foreign buyers were paying for commodities such as iron, gas, and coal. Holding down of the import prices by the recorded high Australian dollar also boosted the TOT. In the month of December 2011 to march 2012 a decline of 9.8% was reported in the TOT. From this time, a free fall has been there in the Australia n TOT a situation that economists argue is beginning to get serious. The data available for the period of June quarter on the Australian dollar and the prices of commodities suggests that the TOT decreased by another 7% bringing the total TOT decline in three consecutive quarters to approximately 16%. The TOT absolute level is still high on any particular long run assessment but the decline does not suggest that the country is at the low point of the cycle. The fall in the TOT presents a huge downside risk to the economy of Australia.3 The TOT and the TWER (trade weighted exchange rate), for the actual year 1998 to 2012 and also the indicative for the year 2012 to 2017 are displayed in the figure below. Sources: the exchange rate was retrieved from the Statistical Bulletin of the Reserve Bank of Australia while the TOT (terms of trade) was retrieved from the ABS Table 1 Cat. no. 5206.0 The Mundell-Fleming model is regarded as an open economy IS-LM version with inclusion of capital f lows as a vital constituent of the model. The model is developed for the assessment of macroeconomic policy in a little open economy regarded as a price taker in import and export markets. The economy of Australia is definitely a small and open economy thus the application of this model to analyse the macroeconomic policy. In the last decade the imports and exports of services and goods of Australia were averaged at 37.3% of the GDP. The ISLM – BP model requires the capital mobility in order for the capital flows role to be activated. From the year 1980s both the capital outflows and inflows have

Cross culture and human resource management 03015 Essay

Cross culture and human resource management 03015 - Essay Example Kennedy (2008) however focus in aspect of competition that urged the business houses to look for new markets and customer groups in order to enhance their scope of business and signified competition as one of the primary drivers in the inclusion of cultural factors in the business domain. Focusing on the functional aspect of the human resource processes of the business, Hampden-Turner (2009) stated that the two most essential roles of the HR managers is to ensure employee engagement and commitment towards their organizational responsibilities. This research is focused on establishing a subsidiary for British pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline in India. The process of developing the subsidiary will undergo through many cultural challenges and analysis of the business environment of India. For the initial market research process, GSK will send some British managers for understanding the process of designing the functions for the India based subsidiary. The group of managers selecte d include 3 male and 2 female individuals out of which the female managers are married and will be travelling with their families. This also brings in the aspect of adapting to the social structure of India for all the managers. The personal reflections of the managers will also be considered in forming the report regarding the cultural environment of India. The responsibilities of the subsidiaries will be mainly related with evaluation of the critical cultural and environmental factors that can influence the operations of GSK. Culture is one of the most crucial aspects of the human behaviour, their decision making processes and choices made while taking actions for fulfilling their goals. Based on this assumption the observation of Bate (2008) highlighted that culture influences the decisions and behaviour of a group of people and forms the basis of differentiation of one group from another. Thus, culture can consider as means for segregation of the global population based on their