Wednesday, July 31, 2019
Political Aspects of Criminal Justice Essay
Introduction            A criminal justice system in any country is enshrined in the country’s executive branches. It is usually enshrined on the judiciary arm of the government and handles all criminal cases and decides who should be prosecuted. (Shaffer & Herington, p36-40) The criminal justice system is also entrusted with the structures that comprise the whole justice system. It comes up with the provisions that cater for emergence of new crimes. It also enforces the laws to make sure that everyone complies with them to maintain and enhance order in the society. The criminal justice system is comprised of all the justice systems right from the local to the national levels (Bonnie, p688).The degree of criminal offence determines the structure that should handle it. Minor crimes can be handled at the lowest level, for instance, by police who maintain order by arresting and assigning some punishments to the offenders and eventually releasing them. This system involves cooperation of the people at the grassroots level. (Alexander, p67-78)            Criminal justice system enhances internal protection of the citizens. Citizens are protected from the internal enemies who are out to cause harm to them. It also checks the excesses of the offenders and instills fear in them. This system has played an important role in tracking down criminals and ensuring that justice is done on the offenders. For instance, murderers, robbers, drug traffickers, rapists have been tracked down and put behind bars, thanks to the criminal justice system. This promotes security in the country and promotes the freedom of movement. People can move from one point to another without the fear of being held hostage, kidnapped, raped or killed. As a result people are free to pursue their common good and can even engage in money generating activities or other businesses that promote their livelihood. (Bonnie, p688)            Criminal justice system prevents war or clashes within a country. A sense of peace and harmony is maintained and hence they are able to maintain positive interactions. As a result, a cohesive society is created and everyone is able to pursue their businesses. (Neilstrong, p40-p40)            Criminal justice system has evolved over the years from a primitive era to an advanced era. The executive branch is divided into three stages at primary and secondary level. The three eras can be summarized as traditional (1776- 1899), transitional era which took place between (1900-1927) and finally nationalization era which fell between 1964 to present time. (Bonnie, p688) Traditional Era (1776-1899)            This is the earliest era of criminal justice system in America. It details the most primitive form of criminal justice system. During this time the justice system was devolved and people were in control of the most decisions affecting the country as well as the presidency (Shaffer & Herington, p36-40). During this time, the president was not in control of the country since decisions were made by the citizens. The community decided what problems was affecting them and prioritize them and finally came up with a modality on how to solve them. The decisions were not central, that is, left to the central government.            During this time, people were given proof on how their money was spent and therefore the executive would account for every single penny spent. The community based team which was in charge of solving problems being experienced in the community were prosecutors, police parole and probation officers, judges, church leaders, community residents and school leaders (Shaffer & Herington, p36-p40).These leaders were presenting the local community. All the decisions and plans were first handled by them before being handed over to the higher authority. It is worth noting that at this time the process of decision making was slow. This is because of the many levels that a court case had to go through before passing a judgment. The judgments passed were either very light or too harsh. For instance, slaves were beaten and tortured. Some even died in the process for committing very mild offences. There were no laws protecting them, and therefore they fell victims of abuses. If a slave was murdered by his master, no action was taken against him, he was not imprisoned. Unfortunately, it promoted a lot of evil against slaves who were blacks at this time. (Shaffer, p36-p40)            The justice system at that time did not cater for many crimes being committed. For instance, there were no legal systems put in place to punish government officials. There was detention without trial and in most cases some forms of dictatorship were evident (Alexander, p67-78). There were no rehabilitation centers for criminals and hence any criminal was either imprisoned and was not given a chance to reform and become a better person. The only advantage with this era was that it was not dominated by the presidency. People had a louder voice and were easily heard by the authority and therefore their needs were sorted out fast. The criminal justice system was felt even by those at very low levels. Transitional Era (1900-1927)            During this time, there were some changes being felt by the people. The devolution of the powers of the criminal justice system was not devolved like in the past. This era encouraged a more centralized form of government. The decisions began to be made at the top and gradually trickled down to the bottom. The criminal justice system stopped being too harsh on the citizens (Bonnie, p688). The citizens were beaten and locked up in the cells, and there were no developed mechanisms to investigate crime. Most serious crimes were left unattended and forensic laboratories were at the initial stages of development. During this time, however the taxpayers’ money was used to build better prison cells and therefore the torture chambers were done away with. It promoted fair trials and many people began to be prosecuted including the Whites. The cells promoted decency in handling human beings. (Neilstrong, p40-40)            The government began educating people about change and development. Proper government structures that deal with crime were set up. The people who handled criminal cases were more educated and understood the system better. There were open policies of discussion and leadership was promoted in all structures and systems of government. The leaders served as models to be copied by young citizens and therefore the justice system was streamlined. All the prosecutions were based on concrete evidence (Alexander, p67-78). The most evident thing about this era was that the criminal justice system was going through a process of change. People were hungry for better systems of government. They started to believe in the government since it was holding all the resources that they needed. They believed that only the government had the power to cater for all their needs. For the people to realize this change they had to give up some of their ambitions. Power without resources was nothing. Without the money and power structures, their money would always remain weak and they would not be able to guard themselves against enemies. The state was gradually being allowed to be in control. This is because all power was vested on it and they had higher control on everyone and every department. At this time prosecutors became generalists and started operating out of their decentralized offices. This way they were able to closely work with the police and the society on important issues that mattered most to the residents locally. (Shaffer, p36-40)            During this era, when people from all the corners of the country felt angry and isolated from the government as well as their representatives, then the better option was to move closer to the community whereby they felt that the community was responding well. However, the fear was that, the community could not give them much but only the state would. In America, some cities, for instance, New York began to experiment with the neighboring courts. The court did not only give out sanctions but also offer one stop shop for a number of services both social and economic. For example, drugs for treatment. This was aimed at coming up with solutions to solve the problems present at that time. There was proliferation of courts that dealt with drug cases in the whole country. This was a reflection of growth in appreciation and coming up with tailor made responses to answer to the concerns made locally. (Neilstrong, p40-p40)            At this level however, community policing was evident and people were responding well to the status of the government and cooperation was promoted in all areas. Nationalization Era (1964 to Present)            At this era all the decisions were made at the national level. The criminal justice system was centralized and all the decisions were made by top government officials. The presidency at this time assumed the role of Commander In Chief of the Armed Forces. The sitting president could not be prosecuted because he was the overall head. If charges were brought against them he gave a ‘no prosecution order’. This is called ‘nolle prosequi’. That is, he could not be prosecuted at any time. All the political decisions related to the criminal activities were handled by the state. The criminal justice system became more and more bureaucratic and lengthy. There was a backlog of cases since all the criminal cases were under one system. (Alexander, p67-78)            Nationalization era developed prisons and new ways of transforming the prisons was invested. Forensic laboratories were employed to investigate any type of criminal case. There were more developed and modern rehabilitation centers. Not any crime could land a person in prison. They came up with new techniques of measuring criminal cases. The people who were found to measure up to them were referred to rehabilitation centers to reform them. (Shaffer, p36-40)            The domination of the presidency and the desire to control the criminal justice system however promoted many evils in the state. For example many offences committed by the president have not been looked into due to his excessive powers. He is simply above the law. It also bred other evils such as assassination crimes. Most presidents have been known to assassinate their rivals if they pose a threat to their presidency. In essence, the presidency has abused the criminal justice system. All the powers have been taken away from the local government and it has rendered it a ‘toothless dog’ as far as criminal justice system is concerned. (Bonnie, p688)            From the nationalization era it is evident that the presidency has moved to dominate the criminal justice system on most of its issues. This can be explained from the excessive powers vested on the presidency. It practically controls all the other arms of the government, which means it is untouchable. (Neilstrong, p40-p40) The disadvantage with this situation is that it has on many occasions abused the powers and privileges vested on it. The presidency influences all the decisions made at the parliamentary level and influences the powers of the judiciary, and other organizations which oversee the work and activities of the government. For instance, organizations which are supposed to investigate the government’s unethical behavior. When investigations are made and concluded, they are never released. This is done to protect the image of the present government and the presidency. Offenders of such crimes are never made public. Despite the government having enough liabilities, it is always made to appear perfect and blameless. Nationalization era has bred very corrupt government officials. (Alexander, p67-78)            The US was not better in the earlier period. This is because; the state kind of government could not bring the resources closer to the people. They have very many states and a state government could not devolve the resources available equitably and equally. The federal government is therefore better and improved the economy as well as expanding the democratic space. The people now have more control of the local government and they can control the resources which have been placed at their disposal. For a country (nation) as big as US only a federal kind of government can work. A centralized state would encourage community policing which cannot be applied in the modern world. (Bonnie, p688) Conclusion            Despite the gains of a state government, I believe that for a growing state the federal kind of government is more desirable. This is because people can access resources faster and more easily. In addition, it is not cumbersome and neither is it bureaucratic and hence decisions are easily made faster and much more conveniently. Federal government is the way to go since it discourages crime at high levels of government as well as corruption. The citizens are more in touch with their leaders and they can easily express themselves. Works Cited. Alexander, S. Political Government: To What Extent Do Governments, Control Systems           of Government, Harvard Press, 2003 (P67-p78) 2nd Ed Bonnie, B. Community Criminal Justice: What Community Policing Teaches Harts       Mitch. D.C, Washington, 2004 (p 688) Vol I Neilstrong, B. Federalism and State Government: The Way to Go, Palgrave Publishers, United States of America, 2002 (p40-p40) Shaffer, S& Herington, C. Aspect of Good Governance, Harvard University Press, UK  2001 (p34-p40) Vol I 2nd Ed.
Tuesday, July 30, 2019
Prayer of a Black Boy Essay
In the poem The prayer of a Black Boy the writer wrote the poem in the point of view of a young black boy which is the speaker of the poem. who was a slave at this time. The poet tells us that the black boy doesn’t want to go to a white people school because he they are teaching him a new culture that he doesn’t like it he finds it boring because is a new culture and they do things that he doesn’t do at home, he also says that he doesn’t want to be a gentleman of the city because they have a sad life. The poet wrote this poem like a narrative story and he makes the poem very descriptive and he also makes his point across by using alliteration which will create a specific sounds or images stand out, he also uses metaphor to make images of what the slaves went throw. The writer shows us how desperate the and humiliated and tired the black people was. The writer uses metaphors for example when he reflects in the first line of the poem the word â€Å"tired†This is a metaphor often used by elderly people when they have lived through many events. They are not physically tired but mentally exhausted. This suggests that the young boy has witnessed many atrocities and culture changes inflicted on his race by the white culture. The poet also gives us to understand that for a black person to go to school was very difficult because of the way he was seen and mistreated and humiliated because of this. he pleads to god for not going to school â€Å"Lord, I don’t want to go to their school†please help me that I need to go again†the boy says it was to difficult because †the road to school is steep†By this he means that the school isn’t actually on top of a hill, but it is a mental ascent to have the courage to accept another culture teaching him western traits, most of which aren’t relative to the life he wants to leave and that he thought that he was going to loose he culture and way of learning which was by traditional dances and by story telling under the light of the moon â€Å"who do not know how to dance by the light of the moon†. The poet gives us to understand that the boy prefers to carry on with his own tradition †I want to follow father into the cool gorges†because he finds his culture more interesting we can see this when he writes a personification â€Å"when the night is hovering over magic forest†he uses a personification in here to create an image of the night floating over the trees which is obviously not true because the night is a natural thing which is everywhere, he also shows freedom and happiness of his ants esters by writing â€Å"Where spirits play before the dawn.†He shows freedom of how the spirits play o the night. By the writer using alliterations he makes an image of a ship throwing out like animals its crew â€Å"a ship on the sugarfields, Land and spits its crew†he also gives an image of black workers useless after they have finished their shift The writer writes again â€Å"Lord, I do not want to go to their school, Please help me that I need no to go again†, the writer repeats this phrase again to show how desperate and unhappy the boy is and to show that the boy doesn’t want to be the â€Å"gentleman of the city†or as the whites â€Å"call it a real gentleman†,in here the writer gives us to understand that the boy doesn’t want learn the by the way that the whites learn by using books of other countries and learning things that they don’t now or seen before, we see this when he say â€Å"Why should we learn again from poreing
Monday, July 29, 2019
Advertising Manipulates And Persuading The Consumers Media Essay
Advertising Manipulates And Persuading The Consumers Media Essay The basic purpose of this paper is to understand the techniques used by advertisers, the propaganda they create and the real dangers they cause in modern society. Our argument is essentially unless people become aware, our society will change direction. A balanced view however cannot ignore the fact that people like to be in control of their thoughts. Ads also give information about their products. Some inform against disease risks, others are for humanitarian aid or for the Nation’s welfare but this kind of ads is not much prevalent. In the following pages, we will first look at what are the methods used by advertisers, how they manipulate dreams and yearnings; then we will turn back to the power and strategies of advertising which attract people with guilt complexes, emotional blockages and false ideas before finally examining the influences on children through various examples of commercial campaigns using transgression and appearance. The main goal of advertising i s to demonstrate in every ad that consumers have an important and interesting offer and the reason to buy a product. Advertising helps a product to be sold. If it is well advertised, people will be aware of a product and it will lead to an increase in sales. Moreover, with a well marketed ad, it is easier for consumers to understand the benefits of a product and where to find it. Furthermore, people will save time and money instead of trying every kind of product. Companies use different ways to help sell and identify a product with for example, slogans which are used over and over. Advertising is aimed at people who are loyal customers. For example, make-up and beauty products are targeted at women while razors and brief-boxers are targeted at men. Slogans like â€Å"It’s the real thing. Coke†by Coca-Cola (Bovà ©e, Thill, Dovel, and Wood 680), or â€Å"Because I’m worth it†by l’Oreal but also â€Å"Just do it†by Nike help consumers to r ecognize companies. When people see the Nike symbol, they know what to expect. Nike introduce of the best athletes in their ads and it feels to the viewers a great satisfaction, that is why they want to buy sportswear to be like Zinedine Zidane, Usain Bolt etc. Advertisers create strong, persuasive and lasting symbols. However, these repetitive slogans lead to a ballyhoo and it gets into everybody, people are no longer interested by the quality of the product but they are only focus on the brand. Sut Jhally, in the film â€Å"The Ad and the Ego†, said that â€Å"symbolism is never natural, it is tied up with power†. Advertising plays a positive key role in many aspects; it also helps â€Å"health care organizations, charitable organizations and social activist groups encourage people to give money, to do voluntary work, or vote to change laws†(Day 34). Agreed, but is it the good way to ask some help by broadcasting or others ads? For example, charitable organiz ations like Amnesty International reach out to their audience by commercials, magazine ads. These ads help consumers to become more aware of problems and that each coin is important, as well as all the support they can give. Should not these organizations directly go and see people, be attractive, organize meetings? Another example is ads made by government for road safety but it does not mean that there are less accidents. We can also watch ads to join the army, but is a thirty second clip make people really want to join military services?
Sunday, July 28, 2019
Declaration Of Indepence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Declaration Of Indepence - Essay Example Consequently, the then congress led by Thomas Jefferson resolved to defy the Britain’s orders (Maddern 534). The document comprises 27 injustices, which the Great Britain despite being aware inflicted on the natives, hence depriving them their dignity and using their own blood soldiers to unleash terror on them (Onuf 71). They also called all the 13 states to declare their sovereignty despite the involved cost by informing the colonial masters they were ready to reclaim their dignity, hence the name â€Å"Declaration of Independence†(Sabato 73). North America, which at presently is the United States of America, suffered untold severity subjected to them by Great Britain who by then was their colonial masters (Maddern 535). This entailed depriving them liberty, freedom and dignity. According to the then congress leaders led by Thomas Jefferson, Great Britain under King George III, did not value the rights of their subjects. This is despite receiving numerous grievances concerning what they were undergoing and neglecting them (Sabato 74). The condition worsened when the Great Britain started using American soldiers to unleash brutality against their own people. Hence, dehumanizing the colonists, which to them implied they do not exactly know their privileges (Onuf 71). â€Å"Declaration of Independence†document outlined 27 abuses, which the King George III used to dehumanize the natives (Onuf 71). Primarily these abuses entailed doing things and instituting certain legislation with the absence of the native’s regime consent. King George III interfered with the natives’ form of government and their judicial system (Sabato 72). Together with the parliament, he interfered with the colonies’ regime systems without their consent to the extent of imposing unfair taxes (Sabato 73). This affected severely trade among the states where the levied taxes deprived them their right of trading freely. Consequently, hindering the
Case Analysis and Recommendation Research Paper
Case Analysis and Recommendation - Research Paper Example The issue started on 11 March 2008, when Shared refused to participate in a GSD sponsored event to attend to a family obligation. Haydar though, his direct supervisor, did not express objection of any sort but reported the matter to Sahib beyond Shared’s knowledge. For the following four weeks, Shared was denied of assignments upon Sahib’s instruction. Nevertheless, when he approached Haydar, Shared was advised not to get troubled by the setup. On 06 April 2008, Shared was summoned, without prior notice, to the office of the Employees Relations’ Head on account of the aforementioned recommendation. This was the only time Shared was informed of the presence of a disciplinary proceeding in which he is the main concern. Tasks in the Accompany Services department were assigned verbally, and partakers are chosen randomly by the division’s director. The same involve planning, arranging and executing detailed programs of visiting business delegations. The departm ent also arranges for a number of other services including security escorts, transportation, and logistics. On the date in question, Shared was not notified of his supposed participation until a few hours before the event. Shared also explained that the red marks on his attendance record were duly sanctionedâ€â€notice of late appearance and leave of absence were filed properly. Further, he suggested verifying with his colleagues that he is always within the workplace the entire shift. Shared criticized the action taken by his superiors, and pointed out that he should have received a verbal or written warning before the case is even initiated. The Discipline and Grievance committee investigating Shared’s case knows that both Haydar and Sahib can be held legally responsible for such an unethical procedure. The action taken does not comply with the rules and regulations of the GSD and the Department of Civil Services. Even so, Shared does not want to impair his relationship with his superiors as this may directly impact conditions at work. On 20 April 2008, two separate meetings with Haydar and Sahib were requested by the chairman of the committee. Sahib turned down the request on grounds that the written recommendation was not his doing, while Haydar argued that he did not know about the existing organizational policies, and proposed that the case be terminated as if nothing happened. A case where the main problem is not accurately identified will not be resolved as a whole. There are always sub problems that coexist with the main problem; and at times, without thorough analysis, these are confused with the other. In effect, the proposals intended for resolution are subsequently regarded as ineffective when in fact it is the preliminary procedure that brought about the failure. From this scenario, it can be established that Shared has nearly been a victim of unethical disciplinary practices at work. There are several aspects in the company system that prove ineffectual, thus employees have low morale and do not display confidence in the administration. The Civil Services Department asserts the existence of rules and regulat
Saturday, July 27, 2019
Anne Moody, Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Anne Moody, Coming of Age in Mississippi - Essay Example Anne’s life was devoid of the full-time love of her parents as they left for plantation work, early in the morning and returned late in the evening. They remained anxious about the safety and welfare of their children. In the absence of parental care and love, the children lived on day to day basis, worrying what calamity awaited them each day, as their caretaker was a rude individual. He often inflicted physical injuries on Anne particularly. Her father did love Anne but distress due to hard economic circumstances made him lose the temper and he punished her without rhyme or reason. She did not receive love to which a child was entitled to and craved for. The rounds of punishment by the caretaker bordered cruelty, and he indulged in it just for the heck of it. About the consequences of one such punishment Anne wrote, (2004, p.10) â€Å"I tried to sit down once. It was impossible. It was hurting so bad even standing was painful. An hour or so later, it was so knotty and swoll en I looked as if I had been stung by a hive of bees.†Race relations: Anne’s writings graphically revealed the history of African-Americans of the 1950s and 60s and details about the harsh realities of the black children growing up. Going by the provisions of the Constitution, all the citizens were equal. But the whites were unwilling to change. The habitation of the plantation laborers was of sub-human standard, whereas the plantation owner lived in a palatial building. The Christian principles of love thy neighbor did not work. The differences in the living standards of the plantation owners and plantation laborers were described by Anne poignantly. She wrote, â€Å"Most evenings, after Negroes had come from the fields, washed and eaten, they would sit on their porches, to look up toward Mr. Carter’s house and talk. Sometimes as we sat on our porch, Mama told me stories about what was going on in that big house.†(p.5) Next to parental love at home, the place where one could expect the growth of personality of children and get some affection was the school environment. The teachers played a decisive role in influencing the mindset of children. Anne and black children like her, did not carry the luck in that area also. Their teacher was harsh, inclined to give severe punishments that the children preferred to spend the time hiding in the toilets. The teaching style also made the students disinterested in the lessons. Anne described one such incident of her teacher rebuking her, and his tone was like the villain in stunt movies. She wrote about him, â€Å"One day he (teacher) caught me. ‘Moody, gal! If you don’t stop lookin’ out that window, I’ll make you go out in that graveyard and sit on the biggest tombstone out there all the day.’ Nobody laughed because they were all as scared of him as I was.†(p.15)The whites took the earliest opportunity to punish the Negroes. About one such grave incid ent Moody wrote, â€Å"Next thing we heard in the Negro community was that they had caught and nearly beaten to death a boy who, they said, had made the call to the white operator. All the Negroes went around saying, â€Å"Yall know that boy didn’t do that†¦.†((p.139) Economic and educational options: Her childhood experiences shaped the bent of her mind like that of a trade-unionist. Fighting for her rights and that
Friday, July 26, 2019
Project Plan Audit Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Project Plan Audit - Coursework Example The hiring process will be based on merit with each category listing the minimum education attainment. Some of the personnel required will be engineers and human resource manager. A basic degree and ten years of experience is the same field will be a requisite in the top tasks. Besides the human capital, California Technical Corporation will require capital resources. The project manager and the team leader are tasked in identifying the resources that will be needed. A procurement process will be done to avail the resources. A request for information will be sent to the prospective suppliers to provide the information which the management will vet to award the tenders. Planning is a key issue in any project. The resources both capital and human are expected that will be available within the set time frame to avoid delays. In case of hitches in terms of personnel, there are alternatives that have been established so as to ensure the project goes as planned. Making a prototype of a Scale 7/8 rocket is a priority of CLC and this will provide a feasibly data of making an full
Thursday, July 25, 2019
Conference And Exhibition Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Conference And Exhibition Management - Essay Example Generally, conference buyers are the event organizers or planners who purchase or employ event-related commodities or services (e.g. venues, specialist services) (Rogers 34). In the conference industry, there are two major kinds of conference buyers: the corporate buyers and the association buyers. Corporate buyers, as the name suggests, are buyers and organizers of corporate events for a financial gain (Rogers 34). The association buyers, on the contrary, work for not-for-profit organizations and merely rare are those who hold events with the purpose of benefiting financially from such events (Rogers 45). However there is also another kind of conference buyer: academic buyers. Academic buyers are those who plan for academic conferences such as the 2010 Museums and Heritage Conference. Academic conferences are usually an interaction among researchers in a specific field of study (Caroll-Clark). The 2010 Museums and Heritage Conference will mostly constitute delegates who are from universities to convene about one social and educational purpose - preserving and conserving museums and the heritage. Therefore the University of Bright People falls under the context of academic buyers. Since the conference is academic, the venue may not be luxurious however not inferior of taste to suit the varying preferences of the students, academics and industrialists. The venue is where the participants will be able to interact with each other; meet new acquaintances and/or opportunities for trade (Marx, et al. 15). The following are the criteria for selecting the conference venue. The delegates should be able to access the location without hassles so the conference site must not be hard to locate on the map. Otherwise, it is best recommended that the venue be a common knowledge to all, or in a word, popular. The conference venue should be able to accommodate at least 350
Wednesday, July 24, 2019
Culture conduct in other countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Culture conduct in other countries - Essay Example To run your business successfully in another country it requires a proper understanding of the culture of that country. And to understand the culture of that country, it is required to know and learn the language of that country. Every culture has different parameters and guidelines of thought. And the best way to understand the thought behind these parameters and guidelines is the language (Malt et. al, 1999). Language not only provides knowledge about culture, it also provides knowledge about economic and political situations. Knowledge of other languages has become very essential because now million of people share their ideas, common interests and communicate with each other across the world through internet and going cross border for businesses and study. All these things are possible due to the technological advancements. Here we take the example of America; the trade is growing rapidly here. Some business people are learning Spanish and Portuguese for there businesses. And now adays people are getting knowledge of other languages for economic integrations. Many Canadians have ability to speak English and French. And they have adopted these languages for the improvement of their jobs and businesses. So the knowledge of other languages gives us a unique thought and this thought helps us to make concepts and decisions correctly. Etiquette is a code of behavior or social behavior within the society, social class or group. Rules of etiquette generally based on social interaction within the society. It may be reflection of ethical codes, fashion and status of society, group or class. When someone is interacting with large social group or variety of people which have same interest, so there are some general rules to interact with them and these rules are socially acceptable. Business etiquette is similar to the social etiquette, but they are particularly for coworker’s interaction and vary from business to business (Johnson, 1997). When a businessman
Tuesday, July 23, 2019
Assingment 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1
Assingment 3 - Assignment Example As disclosed, they found that effective leaders have attributes, to wit: â€Å"(1) self-confident, well-integrated, and emotionally stable; (2) warm, sensitive and sympathetic toward other people and give practical, helpful suggestions; (3) intelligent in relation to the group members; (4) identify with the goals and values of the groups they lead; (5) want to take leadership responsibility and are competent in handling new situations; (6) can be relied on to perform leadership functions consistently; and (7) in elected or public positions, usually possess more enthusiasm and capacity for expression than other types of leaders†(Ross and Hendry 59-60). According to Martires and Fule, if a consistent relationship between leadership effectiveness and personality traits exist, as manifested in the traits approach to leadership, it would be easy to pinpoint people who could be effective leaders by testing whether these people possess such traits. However, no consistent pattern of relationship between traits and leadership ability were evidently found. In many instances, people who possess many of the traits do not become effective leaders while those who possess only a few can also be effective. As a result, the trait approach to leadership has lost much of its appeal. The behavioral approach was noted to endeavor finding answers to the question of what behaviors, actions, and skills make effective leadership possible. Compared to the trait approach, the behavioral approach has great practical usefulness since behavior, actions, and skills can be modified and learned. In this regard, the basic skills identified to be a must to be equi pped in effective leaders include: building credibility, communication, listening, assertiveness, conducting meetings, effective stress management, problem solving and improving creativity (Hughes, Ginnett and Curphy). The effects of personality and intelligence on the effectiveness of a leader have
Michael Arlen Ode to Thanksgiving Essay Example for Free
Michael Arlen Ode to Thanksgiving Essay Consider the participants, the merrymakers: men and women (also children) who have survived passably well throughout the years, mainly as a result of living at considerable distances from their dear parents and beloved siblings, who on this feast of feasts must apparently forgather (as if beckoned by an aberrant fairy godmother), usually by circuitous routes, through heavy traffic, at a common meeting place, where the very moods, distempers, and obtrusive personal habits that have kept them all happily apart since adulthood are then and there encouraged to slowly ferment beneath the corn husks, and gradually rise with the aid of the terrible wine, and finally burst forth out of control under the stimulus of the cranberry jelly! No, it is a mockery of holiday. For instance: Thank you, O Lord, for what we are about to receive. This is surely not a gala concept. There are no presents, unless one counts Aunt Bertha’s sweet rolls a present, which no one does. There is precious little in the way of costumery: miniature plastic turkeys and those witless Pilgrim hats. There is no sex. Indeed, Thanksgiving is the one day of the year (a fact known to everybody) when all thoughts of sex completely vanish, evaporating from apartments, houses, condominiums, and mobile homes like steam from a bathroom mirror. Consider also the nowhereness of the time of year: the last week or so in November. It is obviously not yet winter: winter, with its death-dealing blizzards and its girls in tiny skirts pirouetting on the ice. On the other hand, it is certainly not much use to anyone as fall: no golden leaves or Oktoberfests, and so forth. Instead, it is a no-man’s land between the seasons. In the cold and sobersides northern half of the country, it is a vaguely unsettling interregnum of long, mournful walks beneath leafless trees: the long, mournful walks following the midday repast with the dread nevitability of pie following turkey, and the leafless trees looming or standing about like eyesores, and the ground either as hard as iron or slightly mushy, and the light snow a lways beginning to fall when one is halfway to the old green gateâ€â€flecks of cold, watery stuff plopping between neck and collar, for the reason that, it being not yet winter, one has forgotten or not chosen to bring along a muffler. It is a corollary to the long, mournful Thanksgiving walk that the absence of this muffler is quickly noticed and that four weeks or so later, at Christmastime, instead of the Sony Betamax one had secretly hoped the children might have chipped in to purchase, one receives another muffler: by then the thirty-third. Thirty-three mufflers! Some walk! Of course, things are more fun in the warm and loony southern part of the country . No snow there of any kind. No need of mufflers. Also, no long, mournful walks, because in the warm and loony southern part of the country everybody drives. So everybody drives over to Uncle Jasper’s house to watch the Cougars play the Gators, a not entirely unimportant conflict which will determine whether the Gators get a Bowl bid or must take another postseason exhibition tour of North Korea. But no sooner do the Cougars kick off (an astonishing end-over-end squiggly thing that floats lazily above the arena before plummeting down toward K. C. McCoy and catching him on the helmet) than Auntie Em starts hustling turkey. Soon Cousin May is slamming around the bowls and platters, and Cousin Bernice is oohing and ahing about all the fixin’s, and Uncle Bob is making low, insincere sounds of appreciation: â€Å"Yummy, yummyâ€â€Auntie Em, Ill have me some more of these delicious yams! †Delicious yams? Uncle Bob’s eyes roll wildly in his head, Billy Joe Quaglino throws his long bomb in the middle of Grandpa Morris saying grace, Grandpa Morris speaking so low nobody can hear him, which is just as well, since he is reciting what he can remember of his last union contract. And then, just as J. B. Speedy) Snood begins his ninety-two-yard punt return, Auntie Em starts dealing everyone second helpings of her famous stuffing, as if she were pushing a controlled substance, which is well might be, since there are no easily recognizable ingredients visible to the naked eye. Consider for a moment the Thanksgiving me al itself. It has become a sort of refuge for endangered species of starch: cauliflower, turnips, pumpkin, mince (whatever â€Å"mince†is), those blessed yams. Bowls of luridly colored yams, with no taste at all, lying torpid under a lava flow of marshmallow! And then the sacred turkey. One might as well try to construct a holiday repast around a fishâ€â€say, a nice piece of haddock. After all, turkey tastes very similar to haddock; same consistency, same quite remarkable absence of flavor. But then, if the Thanksgiving piece de resistance were a nice piece of boiled haddock instead of turkey, there wouldnt be all that fun for Dad when Mom hands him the sterling-silver , bone-handled carving set (a wedding present from her parents and not sharpened since) and then everyone sits around pretending not to watch while he saws and tears away at the bird as if he were trying to burrow his way into or out of some grotesque, fowllike prison. What of the good side to Thanksgiving, you ask. There is always a good side to everything. Not to Thanksgiving. There is only a bad side and then a worse side. For instance, Grandmother’s best linen tablecloth is a bad side: the fact that it is produced each year, in the manner of a red flag being produced before a bull, and then is always spilled upon by whichever child is doing poorest at school that term and so is in need of greatest reassurance. Thus, â€Å"Oh, my God, Veronica, you just spilled grape juice [or plum wine or tar] on Grandmother’s best linen tablecloth! †But now comes worse. For at this point Cousin Bill, the one who lost all Cousin Edwina’s money on the car dealership three years ago and has apparently been drinking steadily since Halloween, bizarrely chooses to say: â€Å"Seems to me those old glasses are always falling over. †To which Auntie Meg is heard to add: â€Å"Somehow I don’t remember receivin’ any of those old glasses. †To which Uncle Fred replies: â€Å"That’s because you and George decided to go on vacation to Hawaii the summer Grandpa Sam was dying. †Now Grandmother is sobbing, though not so uncontrollably that she can refrain from murmuring: â€Å"I think that volcano painting I threw away by mistake got sent me from Hawaii, heaven knows why. But the gods are merciful, even the Pilgrim-hatted god of corn husks and soggy stuffing, and there is an end to everything, even to Thanksgiving. Indeed, there is a grandeur to the feelings of finality and doom which usually settle on a house after the Thanksgiving celebration is over, for with the completion of Thanksgiving Day the year itself has been properly terminated: shot through the cranium with a high-velocity candied yam. At this calendrical nadir, all energy on the planet has gone, all fun has fled, all the terrible wine has been drunk. But then, overnight, life once again begins to stir, emerging, even by the next morning, in the form of Japanese window displays and Taiwanese Christmas lighting, from the primeval ooze of the nation’s department stores. Thus, a new year dawns, bringing with it immediate and cheering possibilities of extended consumer debt, office-party flirtations, goodâ€â€or, at least, mediocreâ€â€wine, and visions of Supersaver excursion fares to Montego Bay. It is worth noting, perhaps, that this true new years always starts with the same mute, powerful mythic ceremony: the surreptitious tossing out, in the early morning, of all those horrid aluminum-foil packages of yams and cauliflowers nd stuffing and red, gummy cranberry substance which have been squeezed into the refrigerator as if a reenactment of the siege of Paris were shortly expected. Soon afterward, the phoenix of Christmas can be observed as it slowly rises, beating its drumsticks, once again goggle-eyed with hope and unrealistic expectations.
Monday, July 22, 2019
International Politics Essay Example for Free
International Politics Essay Transformationâ€â€is one of the few words which could be used in order to define and describe the current situation of the international community. In every parts of the world, transformation is currently occurring from the simple acquisition of one product to another. Such situation could be one of the few examples of the changes which are present in the current society. In the modern society, boundaries and limits had now been erased due to the technology including the issues facing most states in the global community. The past limitation of states in surpassing territorial boundaries of their own state is now removed. Such hindrances are not a concern any longer. The gaps in which divides states are now being linked therefore making each and everyone of us connected. The far away lands of Africa or Europe could now be reached through one click of a button. The then complicated processes of communication as well as the process of international relations had changed due to globalization. The process of globalization became a significant change in the relations of states. In addition, states are not only the actors in the international community. The active participation of non-state actors had been highlighted in the past events which had recently occurred such as wars, conflicts and environmental phenomenon. In the past such as the events of the World War I, nations were the only actors in the war. Decisions were only influenced by the leaders of the states involved. Although international organizations were present in providing aid to the victims of the war, they were not equally involved in the decision making process. But as these events unfold, it is evident that international organizations are similarly participating with the political issues at hand. In the principle of realism, the main actors were only states however; in the view of the liberalism theory, other actors such that of international organizations, trans-national organizations, multinational corporations and the likes. In the book of Baylis and Smith, the authors stated that in â€Å"Realists emphasize states’ ruthlessly self-interested search for territorial, military and economic resources†(Baylis and Smith, 2008). On the other hand, Liberalism or Idealism pursues to promote internationalism during the inter-war period (Baylis and Smith, 2008). The theory of liberalism’s main idea is to attach government together with good governance which will create a connection between states and the societies of the global community. Liberalism promotes the need for the world to unite and commune with the issues of the international community equally. However, unlike the liberalism, realists approach the view of internationalism is translated as anarchy. (Baylis and Smith, 2008) Evidently, the world is already shifting and adopting another form of ideology other than realism which was mainly utilized in the past. In the inter-war years, the liberalist theorists started to promote their perspective in which advocates that international institutions should encourage the values of having order, justice, liberty and toleration within the relationship of states. It was believed in such theory that the conflicts between states could not only be resolved through the use of force and warfare. International institutions or organizations much act as mediators when conflicts are at hand. In addition, such international institutions must be the area of discussion for the reason that it could create other actions in resolving disputes in a much objective manner. Therefore, the liberalists were able to influence every state in creating an international organization which lead to the creation of the League of Nations in which became the fundamental foundation of the United Nations. Although the ideas of the liberalists were idealistic, each state must be a member of the organization in order to fully accomplish and pursue the goals of the international organization. (Baylis and Smith, 2008) In our changing world, the past conflicts and issues of a state are realized to also be affecting the world. The recent war on terror had been actively participated by different states in order to deter the effects of terrorism. After the war on terror, many states changes their view point which such situationsâ€â€following the chief state which proclaimed the war. The war on terror became a global issue due to the involvement of different states. Additionally, international organizations became a great factor in such war. The war in Afghanistan for example, the United Nations became one of the main decision maker and supporter of the war. The United Nations launched protocols and written agendas in order to promote action against the cruel ruling and the storage of the weapons of mass destruction of Saddam Hussein. In the incident given, the United Nations played a great role in encouraging and promoting in the issue against terrorism. United Nations became one of the main actors is countering against terrorism unlike in the past. (Bredel, 2003) Another issue which is currently in debate until this day is the issues concerning the global environmentâ€â€climate change. This issue is one of the most controversial and debated issues because it is one of the problems of the world which passes the boundaries of states. Climate change not only affects the climate and the environment but also the politics and economics of each state. One of the few very specific problems under climate change is pollution. Pollution had been a great problem for different states for the reason that it encompasses the boundaries of states. It is known that most industries or factory excretes smoke which turns out to be air pollutants due to the machineries used to create products and the likes. Water pollution also has the same situation for the reason that it flows although out different forms of water and continuously flow to the water of other states. The problem obviously passes through the limitation of the international law and protocols available. The problem becomes a trans-national issue that requires states to cooperate and coordinate with each other in order to solve such crisis. With the issue of climate change, trans-national entities are the most reliable organizations in laying down such issues. Trans-national organizations provide states a much immediate and larger picture of the issue. Due to the personality of trans-national organization, different organizations that aim for the same goals as others come together to be able to solve the dilemmas at hand. With the issue of climate change, the main agent which is very much focused is the United Nations. The international organization created a branch which focuses on the issues of environment which is the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The branch of United Nations provides answer to the needs of each state in order to address the problem. The UNEP together with the states and other organizations with the same advocacy such as Green Peace and other local organizations with in the various states to be able to provide answer to the issue. The role of non-state actors and trans-national networks had become significant in the international community due to the promotion of international organization during crisis. The power given to non-state actors as well as trans-national networks enable these agencies to freely interfere with the conflicts of states and within states. Therefore, these groups provide their own view points, influencing states and individuals with their perspective. Most of the time, such organizations changes the civil society which then results to the change of the government. One example that could be cited is the pursuance of NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) in Asia to promote change in the civil society, therefore promoting development within the society. It is stated by Harriet Bulkeley and Michele Merrill Betsill (2005) in their book that â€Å"the international, regional, national and local interact â€Å"with actors influencing the activities of different levels simultaneously†(cited in O’ Riordan and Jordan 1996). With the statement given by the authors, it is evident that the role of non-state actors as well as trans-national organization is equally important as the responsibility of states. Therefore, the international order is changed due to the additional actors that are also acting in the international community. Currently, the international community is evidently reliant to non-state actors as well as to the trans-national networks due to the important role that it is undertaking with conflicts and decision making processes of a state. Non-state actors and trans-national networks had become one of the main components of international relations whether it may be in conflict resolution or in times of celebration. Such groups empower and support positive ideology due to the idealistic nature of most non-state and trans-national networks. The usual â€Å"state-only†theory had now been changed into a new form of relations of states which brings together actors that has the same goals to attain making the relations of states peaceful. Although most non-state actors and trans-national networks aims to create a united international community, there are also groups alike that promotes otherwise. One well known group is the Al-Qaeda which seeks to promote terror and violence from the eyes of most states. Although Al-Qaeda is seen as an extremist group in promoting change, it is also considered a trans-national network for the reason that it encompasses the boundaries of its home state and promotes their ideology to the world. The group creates networks in different parts of the world while maintaining a balance relation with other networks associated to the group. Due to the negative effects they such trans-national network is creating; it definitely changes the order of the international community. Not only it brings terror to the whole global community but the group promotes division and conflict within the global society. (Pearlstein, 2004) In conclusion, the issues that the international community is facing are now crossing the boundaries of states such that of the terrorism and climate change. There is a need for states to get together and resolve such dilemma. Therefore, trans-national networks and non-state actors play a vital role in resolving such problems. The non-state and trans-national networks are the best area for the resolution of such conflicts because objectiveness within the situation is achieved. The international community sets the non-states actors and trans-national networks as the one of the numerous vital actors in the global community. The participation of such actors promotes the unity of the whole international community in times of crisis or triumph. References Baylis J. , Smith S. , Owens, P. Eds.(2008). The Globalization of World Politics: An introduction to International Relations. New York: Oxford University Press. Bredel, R. (2003). Long-term Conflict Prevention and Industrial Development: The United Nations and Its Specialized Agency, UNIDO. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Bulkeley, H. , and Betsill, M. M. (2005). Cities and Climate Change: Urban Sustainability and Global Environmental Governance. London: Routledge. Pearlstein, R. M. (2004). Fatal Future? : Transnational Terrorism and the New Global Disorder. Texas:University of Texas Press.
Sunday, July 21, 2019
Market and business analysis of Cadburys
Market and business analysis of Cadburys Cadbury is a leading global confectionery company with an outstanding portfolio of chocolate, gum and candy brands. The company employs around 50,000 people and has direct operations in over 60 countries, selling their products in almost every country around the world. The company creates brands people love, brands like Cadbury, Trident and Halls. The company heritage starts back in 1824 when John Cadbury opened a shop in Birmingham selling cocoa and chocolate. Since then Cadbury have expanded the business throughout the world by a program of organic and acquisition leg growth. On 7 May 2008, the separation of Cadbury confectionery and Americas Beverages business was completed creating Cadbury plc with a vision to be the worlds Biggest and Best confectionery company. Mission Statement Cadbury means quality this is the company promise. The company reputation is built upon quality; the company commitment to continuous improvement will ensure that the company promise is delivered. Cadbury has established itself as a company of fairness and integrity, which always attempts to operate as a socially responsible business. Value Performance Cadbury is passionate about winning. The company competes in a tough but fair way. The company is striving, hardworking and makes the most of the abilities. The company is prepared to take risks and act with speed. Quality Cadbury put quality and safety at the heart of all of the activities such as product, people, partnerships and performance. Respect Cadbury genuinely care for the business and the colleagues which like listen, understand and respond. The company is open, friendly and welcoming. The company embraces new ideas and diverse customs and cultures. Integrity Cadbury always strive to do the right thing. The company does the business with honesty; openness and being straight forward characterize the way. Responsibility Cadbury take accountability for the social, economic and environmental impact. In this way the company aims to make the business, partners and communities better for the future. Cadbury Business Principles are the code of conduct of the company and also take account of global and local cultural and legal standards. They confirm the company commitment to the highest standards of ethics and business conduct. The core purpose of the company is creating brands people love. The core purpose captures the spirit of what the company is trying to achieve as a business. Market Share By participant, the market is relatively fragmented, with the five largest confectionery companies accounting for around 40% of the market. There are a large number of companies which participate in the markets only a regional or local basis. Cadbury compete against multinational, regional and national companies. The graph shows that Cadbury is the second highest of the total confectionery in the market share. Halls is the largest brands in candy of Cadbury. Cadbury have number one and number two confectionery market position in 20 of the worlds 50 largest confectionery markets by retail sales value. Financial statement The graph shows the financial situation of Cadbury from 2006 to 2009. As we can see in the graph, the revenue is reached  ¿Ã‚ ¡5975 million is year 2009 which is slightly increase about 5% from year 2008. In operating income, year 2009 is the highest compare to previous year which is  ¿Ã‚ ¡507 million. Last but not least, year 2009 having 9% of the operating margin which is slightly increase from year 2008. As a conclusion, In year 2009, the performance is pretty well compare to the previous year due to there a keep increase since year 2006 to 2009. PESTLE implication Political The political deals with government influence. The main laws that will affect Cadburys are the consumer protection law. These are the laws and the recent changes in food labeling. The food labeling shouldnt be too influence as Cadburys has label all their goods properly to begin with. Change in manufacturing law will also greatly influence Cadburys as the company may have to change the way to product the cereal. This could lead to the introduction of new mechanical equipment being required or more thorough checks on the current equipment. If new equipment is required if could prove to be very expensive. The Weight and Measures Act, this act should not affect Cadburys since the company have all the equipment and scales used should already be at that of the highest standard. The Trade Description Act, this again should not affect Cadburys due to all the labeling on the products should be correct and thorough giving all the ingredients. The Sale of Good Act, these state that Cadburys should not mislead the consumer. These are currently three conditions. If the government was to introduce a few more it could prove to affect Cadburys. Economic The state of the economy is the main factor. It the country was to go into recession the consumer spending would also drop due to the unemployment. The recession would bring down the sales of a lot of goods mainly the expensive things, which are not necessity. The current economy is well. The interest rates are low and consumer spending is very high. Other economic factor that could affect Cadburys launching a product would be a rise in inflation. This is a rise in price over time. Social If the population size decreased then Cadburys be less people to buy the products therefore less profit.  · If peoples lifestyles changed. For example, nowadays more people wanting to get fit and lose weight, then they will stop eating chocolate and spend their money on gym memberships and others. This means that Cadburys profits will decrease. Technological An increase in capital expenditure will affect Cadburys. For example, more up to date equipment would mean that the goods where produced quicker and cheaper but would also result in job losses. In research and development, keep developing new products to keep up with competition and customer needs. Legal More legislation in place to make sure that the workplace is safe and the worker is better protected. Expensive costs to Cadburys to implement Environment Cadbury launched a corporate social responsibility Web site called DearCadbury.com, which provides consumers information on ethical sourcing, responsible consumption and the environment. The site features Cadburys 2007/08 Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability report, which revealed that the company has reduced carbon emissions almost 4 % to date; Cadbury is aiming for a 10 % reduction by 2010. As part of Cadburys Purple Goes Green program, the company committed to a 50 % absolute reduction in carbon emissions by 2020. Cadbury also reported that it has met its 2007 goal of reducing water use by 10 % Competitors situation and SWOT analysis Cadburys major competitors are Thorntons, Lindt, Lindor, Nestle, Master food (Mars) and others. They are competing directly with Cadbury. Nestle is one of the Cadburys main competitor in the market. Nestle is one of the worlds largest food manufacturer, Nestlà ©s headquarters in Switzerland and based in 200 countries worldwide. It is renowned as the worlds leading nutrition and health based company. Nestle grows is product line through innovation as well as renovation and maintains a balance on its geo-environmental activities and product lines. They have 253,000 employees around the world. Cadburys SWOT Strengths The largest global confectionery supplier, with 9.9% of global market share. High financial strength Strong manufacturing competence, established brand name and leader in innovation. Advantage that it is totally focused on chocolate, candy, chewing gum, unique understanding of consumer in these segment. Successfully grown through its acquisition strategy. Weakness The company is dependent on the confectionery and beverage market. Other competitors have greater international experience. Opportunities Expand into new markets. Increase share through targeted acquisitions. Key to survival within the FMCG market is increasing efficiency and reducing costs. Innovation Is key driver. Threat Worldwide, there is an increasingly demanding cost environment, particularly for energy, transport, packaging and sugar. Competitive pressure from other branded suppliers. Social changes. Nestlà ©s SWOT Strengths Globally recognized as one of the largest and powerful food producer, covering almost every country. Quality is a vital element regarding nestle products. Strong internal growth and emphasis on innovation internally. Powerful brand positioning in the consumers mind. The decentralized culture in the organization encourages employees. Weakness The immense diversification portfolio of the firm makes it impossible to run every division smoothly. Retailers do not get set high margin to increase more in sales. Transportation as well as storage problem. Opportunities Invest in snacks that would further diversify its product. Provide incentives to the retailers to increase sales volume. Open cafà © that would exclusively provide Nestle products. Middle class share in most of the economies are growing much larger. Threats Pollution of product should be regarded strictly. The company has not so pretty history with the FDA. Tough market with a tougher competitor for gaining market share. Market is quite mature and the competitors specialize in a certain product that can hit hard on Nestle. In comparison of Cadburys SWOT and Nestlà ©s SWOT, Cadbury Strength against Nestle Weakness Cadbury is a brand that is a leader in innovation of products, that focuses on candy, chocolate, that satisfies the various taste of consumers whereas Nestle has a wide range of portfolio of products that exceeded the management skill and man power to manage a smooth and effective management of product. The advantage of Cadbury in the market share has given them the priority in determining the price of their products, whereas the price of Nestle product is depending on the market that they venture and they cannot set price of product that is too high that is not the interest of consumer. Nestle has also problem in locating and distributing the product due to developing countries that has poor communication and network skill between the people. Cadbury Weakness against Nestle Strength Cadburys main weakness is its international inexperience in distributing and expanding its product, whereas Nestle has the most experience in distributing and expanding of their product due to the coverage of its product is over the world. Other Cadburys weakness will be the dependant of the company on too little product line which is beverages and confectionery product unlike Nestle which having lots of the product line like drinks, snack and food that can generate the profit made. Opportunities of Cadbury and Nestle Cadbury can venture into new market to diversify their products into different sector is snack food. Nestle has also look into opening new Nestle cafà © that specialize in selling Nestle products and also promoting new products. Cadbury has to come up with more creative chocolate products to maintain its competitiveness in the market. Nestle should also reduce the portfolio of brands that cost losses to the company and focuses the skilled managers on brands that are generating sales. Threats that is face by Cadbury and Nestle Manufacturing of Nestle product has produce wastage of energy, Nestle has to improve their technology in reducing the pollution to the environment. Cadbury is also widely exposure to competition from other brands of chocolate such as Hersheys because of new product that is more innovative. Chocolate ingredients increase in price will also cost Cadbury in expenditure to purchase the product. Nestle has to improve their brand in the breakfast cereal market because it has been claim to be containing fake health benefits, more cash has to be waste to reposition their product. Market objective Environment objective Specific Aim to reduce carbon emissions Reducing water use Measureable Reduce the carbon emissions by 14% Reducing water use by 12% Achievable Improve the manufacture technology Realistic To invest new technology to save production cost. Chocolate industry have brighten future in UK and Cadbury is leading industry therefore Cadbury is able to invest new technology. Timely In year 2012, the carbon emissions has reduce 18% and reduce water use 14% compare to previous years. In this objective is aim to reduce carbon emissions and reducing water use. Due to the issues of carbon emissions can be reduce their cost of production such as replacing air compressors can be saving electrical cost and reduce the water consumption in their steam used during processing and for cleaning. To reduce water consumption, company must look for new technology of machine to reduce the water consumption. Other than that, reduce the resources of these can be helping company to save cost and protect of natural resources. In the measurement, Cadbury aim to reduce the carbon emissions by 14% and reducing water use by 12%. To achieve this objective, company must be improve the manufacture technology such as membrane technology to reduce the natural resources. Due to the background of the company, Cadbury are able to invest new technology to reduce the resources and it can be save cost when they producing chocolate. By the year of 2012, Cadbury aim in reduce 28% of carbon emissions and reduce 14% of water use compare to previous years. Societal Specific Introduce new product Create new lifestyle for Children Measureable Introduce the diet chocolate Create more children activities Achievable Strong human resources Improve RD department Realistic The improvement of CSR program. Timely In year 2012, increase the brand awareness. As for societal, Cadbury will introduce more new product in market. Children are one the largest market for Cadbury, Cadbury planning to create a new lifestyle for children. By measure, New product such as diet chocolate have potential of getting large market, the main reason is due to local citizen are getting more concern about the health. Diet chocolate is suitable for citizen concern their health. As for lifestyle of children, create more activities for children, activity such as education will help children learn more knowledge. To achieve the target, Cadbury must have strong human resources, only good employee will provide the better performance. RD department also must improve, to have more sales, product for health are very important such as diet chocolate. In realistic, improvement of CSR program is to gain more believe and loyalty from purchaser. By estimation, year 2012 will achieve the objective of societal. Brand awareness will be increase by the support of this objectiv e. Financial objective Specific Growth of revenue in UK Increase total confectionery share gain Measureable To growth 5% of revenue compare to previous years Growth in global market share and increase share in the UK by 50 bps Achievable Carry out a number of advertisements in the market and online. Realistic The revenue is keep increasing compare to previous years. Timely In year 2012, the revenue has to be 15% increase compare to year 2009. In this objective is aim to growth of revenue in UK and increase total confectionery market share. To increase the revenue and market share, Cadbury must carry out more advertisements such as produce different type of packaging to target public event. For examples, in Christmas Cadbury produce hamper for consumers as a Christmas gifts to exchange gifts with friends. In this measurement, Cadbury aim to increase 5% of revenue and increase market share in global market by 50 bps in UK. To achieve this objective, Cadbury organize more events to promote their new packaging such as Christmas hamper on the period before Christmas. In this event, Cadbury could increase sales. Due to the capital of company, Cadbury is able to produce new packaging to their product. By year of 2012 the revenue could increase 15% compare to previous years. Marketing strategy Product Cadbury dairy milk is made from real chocolate. The ingredients for the chocolate are cocoa butter and there is a glass and half full cream daily milk in every 200 grams of Cadbury daily milk chocolate. Cadbury purchase 65 million liters of fresh milk each year to make Cadbury daily milk chocolate. Price Price is very important in the marketing mix. The price changed for a chocolate bar can be affect whether a consumer will buy it and the level of sales can determine whether or not Cadbury Schweppes will make a profit. Price is also can be affected by factors such as the state of economy, what competitor are doing. The stage reached in product life cycle and above all what price the market will accept. Form the marketing point of view this is what matters. Place Cadbury products are produced at the chocolate factory in Bourneville in Birmingham. After the chocolate is produced, it will go through all quality check and transported to the stockrooms. The following, Cadbury sells the products to shops that deal with beverage and confectionery such as convenient store, super store, petrol station, and others. This kind of distributions can make consumer easy to find the product. Cadbury produces chocolate for more than 200 countries so that they have a chance to enjoy it as well and make profit. Because of this, Cadbury have a wide range of consumer around the world. Promotion The purpose of promotion is to communicate directly with potential or existing customer, in order to encourage them to purchase dairy milk and recommend it to others. There is various ways to promote the product such as TV advertisement, banner on the internet, magazine and newspapers. Forecast and Implication 3-years forecast and budget 2009 2010 2011 2012 Sales 5975 6273.75 6587.44 6916.81 Cost 3210 3370.5 3539.03 3715.98 Profit 509 534.45 561.17 589.23
Saturday, July 20, 2019
Brown vs. Board Of Education :: Teaching Education
Brown vs. Board Of Education As the Civil War ended and Slavery did, too, the question of African American’s freedom did not. African Americans had been given their freedom from slavery but not their freedom from segregation. In 1896 after the Plessy vs. Ferguson court case, the Supreme Court found that segregation, â€Å"separate but equal†, in public facilities was not against the Constitution. â€Å"Separate schools for blacks and whites became a basic rule in southern society.†All that was about to change. In Topeka, Kansas there was a little girl by the name of Linda Brown. She had to be driven five and a half miles to a black school when she lived four blocks from a public school. â€Å"The school was not full and she met all of the requirements to attend – all but one that is. Linda Brown was black. And blacks weren’t allowed to go to white children’s schools.†That was a controversial issue among blacks. In 1954 thirteen parents filed a class action suit against the Board of Education of Topeka in hope for equal education opportunities for their children. That and the desegregation period was the idea behind the case. It was the first challenge of the â€Å"separate but equal†ruling had been challenged. The thirteen parents were backed by many African American community leaders, the NAACP, and the NAACP’s lawyer Thurgood Marshall. However, against them were pretty much the whole south, many elected officials of Congress, and the Governor of Alabama - George Wallace. On May 7, 1954, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled against segregation and was unconstitutional because it violated the fourteenth amendment by separating them because of the color of their skin. The decision a victory proved of significant importance. Few blacks and eventually many started attending non-segregated public schools. It proved to be Thurgood Marshall’s greatest victory and in 1967 he was appointed as the first black member of the Supreme Court.
The Pros for email Out Weigh the Cons Essay -- Teaching Writing Educat
The Pros for email Out Weigh the Cons Not too long ago I would get off the school bus, run down the street and try to beat my brother at checking the mail. I was always so excited to see if anyone had sent me a card, or if we were in the next phase of the Publisher’s Clearing House drawing. This was long before almost every house in America had a computer. This was the time when there were still payphones on every corner, answering machines were the coolest thing to have, and stamps were only ten cents. Email has enhanced the ‘letter writing’ of the past. Today we live in a fast paced society with fast food restaurants, drive up ATMs, two-way radios and now electronic mail, also known as email. Email has become a part of everyday life for most individuals. It would be hard to find a company that does not use email in some aspect of their work. I use it all day long, customers email me orders, colleagues email each other, and of course I receive a daily email from my father. We were at a virtual stand still this past month when our email server crashed. We had lost all of our contact information that was saved in our email address books, all past emails. Our computer technician did retrieve everything, but it was a very stressful few days. Email has allowed people to stay in touch with each other quickly and inexpensively. There is no need for a pen and paper when using email or the envelope and stamp. All someone has to do is type out their message select the intended receiver(s) and hit send. My family has a ‘yahoo group’ where everyone can post messages. This has allowed us to keep in touch with family from Arkansas and California. We were able to keep all of my grandfather’s brothers and si... ...asional letter writing, but would have to agree with Dennis Baron in his article that â€Å"..the physical effort of handwriting, crossing out, revising, cutting, and pasting.. now seemed to overwhelm and constrict me, and I longed for the flexibility of digitized text†(36). Works Cited Baron, Dennis. â€Å"From Pixels to Pencils: The Stages of Literacy Technologies†Writing Material: Readings From Plato to the Digital World. Ed. Evelyn B. Tribble & Ann Trubek. New York, NY: Longman, 2003. 35-52. Gopnik, Adam. â€Å"The Return of the Word.†Writing Material: Readings from Plato to the Digital Age. Ed. Evelyn B. Tibble & Ann Trubek. New York, NY: Longman, 2003. 180-182. Less, Wendy â€Å"The Conversion.†Writing Material: Readings from Plato to the Digital Age. Ed. Eveyln B. Tribble & Ann Trubek. New York, NY: Longman, 2003. 227-232.
Friday, July 19, 2019
Abortions Shold be Limited :: abortion argumentative persuasive argument
Abortions Shold be Limited         I believe the both pro-life and pro-choice viewpoints have valid arguments. I believe that women should be able to have abortions, but abortions should be limited. I think abortions should not be permitted after ten to twelve weeks of pregnancy, because at that time the fetus represents a potential life. I believe women should be dissuaded from abortion, and more public measures should be taken to prevent unwanted pregnancies.       I believe my viewpoint is the best viewpoint is the best viewpoint because it combines both pro-life and pro-choice viewpoints unlike your viewpoint of pro-life. You believe that women should not be able to have abortions because a life is at state. You believe that a life is at state but you do not think about the consequences of having a child that is not wanted. You say that women should not have the right to have an abortion and that you do not believe in abortion but by saying that you are taking away a woman's freedom of choice. A woman should have the right to choose if she wants to have an abortion. Your viewpoint does not acknowledge a woman's right to freedom of choice. I agree with your opinion, that the fetus is a human and that it has a right to life and that is why I believe in early abortions.       I feel that your viewpoint would cause many problems. One problem is that your viewpoint allows no abortions, that allows no consideration for the mother of the family that would be effected by that child. Also, pro-lifers do not agree with sex-education in schools this would lead to more teen pregnancies which would lead to children giving birth to children. A huge problem that would occur if there was no abortion would be illegal abortions. Illegal abortions would cause women to become law breakers, and may even cause many women to die. My viewpoint does not lead to all of those problem. Since we believe that there should be a way to deal with unwanted pregnancies, which is abortion it would not lead to women breaking the law to have illegal abortions. Since my viewpoint believes in early abortion which will help mothers who cannot afford to
Thursday, July 18, 2019
Burning Up
ALWAYS, SOMETIMES, OR NEVER Chapter 9 Tell whether each statement is always, sometimes, or never true. 1. The graph of a quadratic function is a straight line. 2. The range of a quadratic function is the set of all real numbers. 3. The highest power in a quadratic function is 2. 4. The graph of a quadratic function contains the point (0, 0). 5. The vertex of a parabola occurs at the minimum value of the function. 6. The graph of a quadratic function that has a minimum opens upward. 7. The graphs of f(x) = ax2 and gx= -ax2 have the same width. 8. The function fx= ax2+c has three zeros. 9.The graph of y= ax2+1 has its vertex at the origin. 10. The graph of y = -x2+c intersects the x-axis. 11. There are two solutions to x2=n when n is positive. 12. If n is a rational number, then the solution to x2=n are rational numbers. 13. If the graph of a quadratic function has its vertex at the origin, then the related quadratic equation has exactly one solution. 14. If the graph of a quadratic fu nction opens upward, then the related quadratic equation has two solutions. 15. If the graph of a quadratic function has its vertex on the x-axis, then the related quadratic equation has exactly one solution. 6. If the graph of a quadratic function has its vertex in the first quadrant, then the related quadratic equation has two solutions. 17. A quadratic equation in the form ax2 – c = 0, where a 0 has two solutions. 18. If a quadratic equation has two solutions, then it has two x-intercepts. 19. If the discriminant is equal to zero the quadratic equation has no real solutions. 20. If the leading coefficient of a quadratic equation is positive and the graph of the equation has a positive y-intercept, the graph has two real solutions.
Wednesday, July 17, 2019
The AXE Man
Advertise custodyt, it self, is a creative genre in these post-modern geezerhood of ideas. If lot in the future were to await for arte finicals of our nuance, in hopes of finding some materialisation that gives them insight into our stopping channelize and our life, they leave tush be able to tell what we croak behind in this consumer-driven sphere. Our ancestors left behind arrow heads and pottery, and we will leave behind a lot untold(prenominal) that support easily communicate almost who we argon and what is historic to us. Commercials and the harvestings they tingeise atomic number 18 some of the most distinguished pagan arti features in our guild.They communicate what is important to or influences our finish, the good and the bad, beca subprogram within both subt allowy it is natural for the domainy different smells of that culture to be portrayed on the harbor or the page, from our stereotypes and biases, to what holds us proud and what makes u s ashamed. hotshot mercenary that projectms to represent an arti item of Ameri lowlife culture is the recent hack mercenary messageized, w here a youthful man on a beach begins to spray chop cologne, attracting liter whollyy hundreds of toothsome beauties in bikinis, with the motto creation atomiser much than than, Get much.The implications here ab prohibited the way our culture stereotypes grammatical gender and what types of moving pictures we find to be desirable be go ups part of the artefact and what it stands for in our culture. The premier(prenominal) part of the evoke press outs a cleaning lady tendning in a falseerness. The line(a) capitulum that comes to oral brace is if this is a humbug of the virgin Mel Gibson movie Apocalypto? The theme of give tongue to movie is the hunter-hunted type of thriller where the protagonist is forever and a day on the run (from an ax man mayhap? ). This is further implied by the quality of music Deus Ir ae by Karl Jenkins which fall outs on his album Requiem.But whence the goggle box shows something else. at that po depend uponion atomic number 18 umpteen more than wo workforce raceway and in that locationfore this is something else. The wo custody be all foc employ with the task of reaching the aim first. They argon single-minded indeed, to the vizor of cosmos obsessed with whatever it is that do them run in the first place. All atomic number 18 jockeying for position and intense shoving and pushing is seen in the first a couple of(prenominal) seconds. The second thing that nocks the viewer is the fact that the women ar non properly clad.If they ar indeed vent for a late afternoon nonwithstanding off thusly where is the sports wear needed to do the job? It is non usually radiation diagram to run with skimpy clothing indeed the next thing that hits the viewer is the fact that these be non only a group of young women hurry only if it is actually a swarm. The multitude running to reapher indicates mass hysteria. At this point the audience is becoming interested to cheat what this anarchy is all to the highest degree be they hunting for something? Again similarities can be drawn with Apocalypto.The next scene makes the telly a bit conf utilize as a stroking is taken from the different side of the terrain a shot of the sea where a similar number of master of ceremonies of women are swimming frantically towards the shore. For a minute in that respect bingle look ats that this may be something about(predicate) the Iron muliebrity competition. But and so it becomes clear as the video gives a top shot that shows where all the women are heading. The swarm is convergence on the shore where a anchorite manlike figure was nebuliser axe cologne, specifically ax Lynx. And the text flashed in the end saying, Spray more. Get more. If the axe mercantileisediseds are to be marked as anything of immediate interest, the get downular tags that come to mind instantaneously are pornographic call forth or elevate with cozy overt iodines. much(prenominal) terms are quite decent as we find the women who are running from different topographical extremes nurse svelte, well-maintained physiques with internal appeal, and the man on the beach stands gird with ax cologne to attract more such women by spraying more of the heart-smashing fragrance. Commercials stand as an important artifact that can be use to interpret a culture, and this commercial in particular says a lot about authorized gender-related issues.Commercials such as this are non only for entertainment value, they are subconsciously sending messages to a population of mint that view what they see on tv as uprightness and fact. Someday, people will study such commercials in try of something historically or culturally important to our generation and will quickly recognize that for all of our advances in our way of view and our technology, we were thus far submitting ourselves to the humiliation of gender-related stereotypes and agitateually apparent material.If windual excesses are non used deliberately, then why has such a slogan been floated in the air Spray more, Get more? Is it not somewhat pornographic, tickling the fancy of men with the pact of winning an armful of femme fatales at wiz dispersion of chop? Why again a horde of belles are needed with abundant sexual charms if no sexual implications are intended? When a condom, a bandeau or lingerie is advertised, the kindred types of images are blatantly paraded across the television screen, the sexual overtones not steady subtle anymore. plain in odd places do we see such use of grammatical gender to dole out a product, wish the commercials that are for auto policy besides are cartoons, apply the cartoon character of a cute, red-hot girl to try and sell insurance for someones automobile. Even pizza Hut commercials use Jessica S impsons sexuality to sell pizza, and Pepsi has been notorious for using stars such as Madonna to sell their product. The fact is that sex sells. Thus, if categorically the artifact is to be judged, then it is a piece of ad in the first place and then it is pornographic i. e. an advert with sexual overtones.In my view, whatever nomenclature may be piled on the term advertisement, it is a creative way of presenting an object or a commodity. So I would like to call it innovative advertisement. If we move a step further we will be able to see that innovative and sexually-exploitive adverts enforce to all sorts of business tricks to catch the consumer youth. thither is yet another genre that this advert falls into, and that is humorous. Despite its sexual overtones, the commercial is filmed in such a way that, at first glance, it appears to be harmless, comedic tone and all.The humanity seems to be very(prenominal) forgiving of any images or messages that are not politically correc t when at that place is humor involved, as in this case. There is no complaining from the public even if a salacious picture or video clipping is used in order to make a commodity spellbinding to the engineer audience. It may appear denigrating in the eye of a few thoughtful, conservative people, provided to hit the bulls eye of consumerism, it is a weapon, a necessity, the need of the hour.In fact, this advert was shown only once on British television prior to a macrocosm Cup football game where it has reached weedy cult status. I never considered myself to be a conservative person, not even a little bit. I really thought the hack commercial to be a great one with a sense of humor, but after I observed it many terms closely, in that respect were several things really some(prenominal)ering me. While it is parklands knowledge that marketers are using sex to sell their products, the issue that arises with this commercial is that it attempt to hide the sexual discipline be hind the product itself.The text did not hint anything sexual and in that respectfore no one can accuse AXE of measuredly telling men of the benefits of using their cologne in terms of their becoming attractive sexually, but the imagery is plenteous to entice the viewer that it is selling the product by dint of sex. In other words, AXE is using the fantasies of young men to bring them in as consumers of their product by shining them, visually, that on that point is something about their product that attracts women.If there is a law regulating sexual themes in publicise then it seems that the AXE advert is trying to beat the system. Those who do not agree with the blatant use of sex in advertising, be it implied or unequivocal, moldiness heed the words of tom Reichert when he wrote, other forms of sexual education is woven into ads sexual content can vary in form and meaning, it is important to provide an overview of recurring representations of sex in advertising (Reich ert, 2003). The bone of contention here is how to draw the argument between what is refreshing and what is not. J. Sivulka had warned that when scholars have explained the changing nature of sex in advertising, they have often viewed this turn on as an evolution from a relatively innocent representation of a sexually alluring woman to a new type of image, in which sex is explicit (Sivulka, 2003). The world it seems is divided over what course of judgment to give this sort of TV commercial, but for those who are looking for bosom there is only one verdict. For those who are tired of be given entropy that is not based on uprightness but rather on laying claims and pop culture, the verdict is not positive.In the AXE commercial the first thing that does not escape the viewer is the stereotyping of the womanly. Geral Tellis observed that, One of the most common criticisms of advertising is the gender stereotyping endorsers are typically presented as young, beautiful, and sexua lly attractive (Tellis, 2004). As a female lookout maning this commercial I mat it not only was the dreaded stereotyping cosmosness used but also the fact that women were depicted as not having the creative thinker to comprehend what was going on and furthermore, that women were not valued for their intellect at all, but for their appearance.The women were portrayed like buffoons, parading themselves with no strike for their self-worth, with no obvious intelligence (in consider contrast with the Iron Woman comparison). quite of showing a commercial where the images show an intelligent, well-mannered male using AXE cologne and attracting an intellectual and strong woman, we are bombarded with yet more images of the stereotypical buxom bimbo and in my opinion, that is an insult to the feminists out there who are championing womans equalise rights, access to power and take in.The AXE commercial made them look like they have no ability whatsoever to control their destiny, muc h alone their lives and they are stringently driven by instincts. Lorraine Code asserts that this kindhearted of reaction is not new and she wrote that in fact, In the 1970s feminists criticized advertisements for portraying stereotypical images of women (Code, 2000). Forget about the feminist stereotype, what is sad about the way women were depicted in the AXE ad is the fact that there is no truth to what was being communicated.Granting that commercials are not supposed to be full-page truths, still the fact that something can be created wholly out of imagination is a bit of a stretch. Adding another aspect of then forcing people to accept it or maybe worse, manipulating people to behave in a certain way are actions not acceptable for a passing influential medium. A casual scan of the real world will immediately inform the observer that women do not behave like those in the state commercial.If the manufacturer of the AXE commercial would come back and say that this is the wh ole point that making fantastic claims and using pristine creative imagination to sell something is the globe of advertising, then it is going to be voteless to argue that line of reasoning. Even if this were the case, not everybody will agree with the producer. Many remember that advertising is no longer a neutral medium but that it is an artifact that has the capacity to transform society, especially how people think, and consequently it is a medium to be regulated.If one allows the producer of the AXE commercial the benefit of the doubt, that there was no use to demean women and to insult their intelligence, then the caper keeps on compounding because the next group that would be insulted by this commercial is the male population, because while it is common to hear women being exploited, more and more men are being devalued by the media as well. There is a movement out there that forces the world to recognize the place of women in society.It is almost a typical experience to constantly hear of women being abused and misrepresented, but it may be taken for granted that men can also be stereotyped. That there is a whole assumption out there that men are savages and no smarter than wild beasts who are being controlled by their stolid instincts would be insulting to me if I was male, and I cannot conceptualise that the media can stereotype both genders in such simple terms. To be honest, however, no man would stand up and say that his reputation is on the line because of such media exploitation.For them, it is somewhat absurd, but if truth can be told and truth be the standard of knowing what moldiness be done in this society then someone has to point out the hassle with the AXE commercial. What exactly is wrong about it in terms of the male image is that this time men are not depicted as buffoons in the same way that the ladies were depicted running provided about half-naked and half-crazed when a potent create from raw material aroused their sen ses and they could not control themselves. This time men were assumed to be buffoons, period.This assumption is basically a belief that when men will see the commercial then they will not stop to think and evaluate what is being projected on screen. They will simply instinctively smack up their wallets, head for the store and taint a crate full of AXE cologne and spray more. It is kindle to note that marketers are well aware of what they are doing to the male stereotype and the gibbosity of an image that will make men want to buy the cologne. As suggested by Stephen Fox in his study of the story of American advertising, marketers in the past made the generalization that, all men are fools (Fox, 1997).They have expanded this system into something more useful, that while men may be fools and sinners, they are everlastingly on the chase for that which is good (Fox, 1997). Advertising is the guide that leads them to the elbow room of bliss and truth yet, there is one more weak ness of the male brain that is being exploited here, but it must first be understood that this commercial was not created with the general public in mind. It is quite probable that the target- plane section are young men between puberty and their twenties.It is practical that the target-market are adolescent males who lack the authority to take their place in the world and establish relationships with the opposite sex and therefore need a touch of courage, in this case in the form of AXE cologne. There is evidence pointing to the fact that the target market is indeed the teenager segment of the population. Buddenberg pointed out that, despite being more knowledgeable about advertising, teens are still very susceptible to it (Buddenberg, 2004).Fox enumerated the common behaviors considered normal for teens a) struggle with sense of identity b) feeling awkward or unlike about ones self and ones body c) concerns regarding personal and sexual attractiveness to others and, d) worri es about being normal (Fox, 1997). If Foxs theory proves right then what a military forceual effect the AXE commercial must be having on the minds of the teenage males that watch it. The video suggests achieving power and control where there is none by simply spraying more AXE.To be fair, however, I must say that the humorous nature of the commercial was, even to me, idiotic at the beginning and I did not take it skilful on first glance. The women, making funny faces and rushing this geeky-looking young man whose eyeball are huge as he watches the scene unfold before him was more of a comedic event than anything. In this way, the producer of this commercial was not, maybe, trying to use stereotypes about men and women to influence our culture, but perhaps scantily trying to make an impression, something that is stark to do in a society filled with a flood of advertisements at every turn.Despite my misgivings about the commercial, I do not remember any other cologne commerci als vividly, only AXE, and perhaps that was the point all along. The advertisement used in this study can make people react in many different ways. The more important issue to address is the potential offensive effect of the commercial to both men and women, at least to those who are sensitive enough to really analyze the content of the video. The line of work with the video is that it depicts women as stupid and at the same time assumes that young men are stupid enough to believe what they are seeing and will not take the time to verify it.Moreover, the commercial is trying to hide its sexual content and that is not acceptable for those who are protect children and the rest of the public from too much exposure to indecency. Still, at the core of the paradox is the unceasing evolution of advertising. This time what is perceived to be improper will before long change in a few years time. This will continue until one day, parents and concerned citizens will one day wake up to see sex in advertising being shown explicitly without shame.At some point, American advertising will turn the corner and, just as now, we will simply sit back, watch, hence evolving as viewers too, and let the images convince us of something just as pie-eyed as the assumptions made in the AXE cologne commercial. Having said that, however, the public is not as taken in by adverts as we once were and so advertisers may be responding accordingly by making adverts more humorous, shocking and ridiculous in order to capture our fear and remember the product in question which is being advertised.Then just as the advert may be plaguey women and/or men it may just as easily be alone tongue in cheek and using the satirical content to try and get the consumer to simply buy a product which makes you smell nice So, whether it be gender stereotyped, intellectually backward or in direct contrast, intellectually superior in order to be able to apprize the humor in the AXE advert and not take it to o seriously, the artifacts our commercial culture is leaving behind are, sadly, not a representation of who we really are, but who were are told to be.
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