Chapter 9 The Hobbit - 886 Words

Chapter 9 Recap – Where to from here? â€Å"Kid, you’ll move mountains! Today is your day! Your mountain is waiting. So get on your way!† – Dr Seuss â€Å"Go back? he thought. No good at all! Go sideways? Impossible! Go forward? Only thing to do! On we go! So up he got, and trotted along with his little sword held in front of him and one hand feeling the wall, and his heart all of a patter and a pitter.† – J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit God’s purpose in Christ is to reconcile all things to Himself to the praise of His glory. The church is the body of Christ in the world—the means by which the world will know that Jesus Christ is Lord, and through which all believers will reach maturity in Christ and unity in the faith and knowledge of Christ. To fulfill His mission to reconcile all things to Himself, God sends you and me, the church, into the world to spread the gospel, to evangelize, to proclaim the good news of the kingdom of God, and to embody in its corporate life the message of reconciliation. Lofty words indeed. God is God. He will achieve His ends. We can either be part of His plans or we can hide in the shadows. Jesus did not shrink back from giving us instructions. He was blunt, direct, and authoritative. No room for discussion, shades of meaning, different interpretations. As they say, â€Å"Which part of ‘go’ don’t you understand?† Just â€Å"go.† Not a call, but a command. The â€Å"go† may be a walk across the street to help and witness to a neighbor, it may be picking upShow MoreRelatedThe Fellowship Of The Ring1692 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Ring, has just begun, a lot of events have already taken place. The story begins years after the events of the prequ el The Hobbit, fifty years since Bilbo Baggins had returned from an adventure with the great wizard Gandalf and Gandalf’s dwarf companions. In Bilbo’s home of the Shire, he announces that he will be inviting many guests to his 111th birthday. (Hobbits live much longer than humans). However, after being visited by Gandalf, Bilbo reveals to him, along with Frodo Baggins, (Bilbo’sRead MoreGandalf the Mischiefmonger Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pages If people tried to make an argument that J.R.R. Tolkien didn’t used Norse mythology as a backbone structure when writing The Hobbit in 1937, they would be without-a-doubt completely wrong. Many creatures were pulled straight from the Norse myths and thrown into his famous story, but did he use some of the Norse gods as structures for his characters as well? In the book The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, he states that Gandalf is seen almost as an â€Å"Odinic Wanderer†, comparing him to Odin the AllfatherRead Mo reHobbit Shake Guide6595 Words   |  27 PagesThe Hobbit Chapter Guides Chapter One: An Unexpected Party Summary We are introduced to hobbits and to Bilbo Baggins, a stay-at-home, utterly respectable hobbit with a secret desire for adventure. Bilbo receives a visit from Gandalf the wizard. The next Wednesday Gandalf returns for tea, bringing with him a party of thirteen dwarves led by Thorin Oakenshield. Despite misgivings on both sides, on Gandalfs recommendation the dwarves hire Bilbo as Burglar on an expedition to the Lonely Mountain,Read MoreThe Hobbit: Greed Thesis Statement2030 Words   |  9 Pagesabout The Hobbit The world we live in is full of heroes that are different shapes and sizes that people dont remember who they are a month after they do something. The story The Hobbit may make you think of a half sized person as an no everyday hero, but his actions will touch your heart and make you think that its really possible to change the world around you no matter what size you are. The half sized person in this story by J.R.R. Tolkien is named Bilbo and his race is known as hobbits. In hisRead MoreLord Of The Rings : Synopsis1868 Words   |  8 Pagesï  ¶ Chapter 1 Many Meetings ïÆ'Ëœ Frodo wakes up a couple days later in Rivendell ïÆ'Ëœ He sees Gandalf sitting next to his bed ïÆ'Ëœ Elrond who is the Master of Rivendell healed him ïÆ'Ëœ The piece of the Black Riders knife penetrated his shoulder and was moving to his heart ïÆ'Ëœ If it hit his heart he would be like the black riders ïÆ'Ëœ The riders are Ringewraiths ï‚ § Are at the command of the Lord of the Rings ï‚ § The riders were hit by water and were taken away from the help of Elron and Gandolf who released the water fromRead MoreThe Hobbit, And The Lord Of The Rings1845 Words   |  8 PagesThe interaction of fate and free will in the primary world is a very complex, intertwined phenomenon. However, in Tolkien’s works The Silmarillion, The Hobbit, and The Lord of the Rings, there is a recognizable pattern that is set. More specifically this pattern regarding fate is established cosmologically through his story of creation (the â€Å"Ainulindale†), and the precedent is set for how individual choice affects the events that follow. This pattern will be used to establish how Tolkien views theRead More Christianity And Lord Of The Rings Essays3430 Words   |  14 Pagesown undoing. No clearer illustration of this truth is possible than Christs resurrection which proved to be the surprising undoing of Satans greatest triumph. The fiend underwent a devastating and unlooked for humiliation in achieving this victory.(9)It is akin to Saurons defeat at the moment he was gloating in the stupidity of the march of Aragorn and his meagre six thousand to the gates of Mordor. Another aspect of evil developed in Tolkien is the insatiable hunger to possess, to rule, to dominateRead MoreInstructor’s Manual Fundamentals of Financial Management60779 Words   |  244 Pagesto omit coverage of certain chapters. However, it is still possible to maintain the book s thrust of providing a fundamental understanding of financial management. For the one-quarter course, the following sequencing has proven manageable: Van Horne and Wachowicz: Fundamentals of Financial Management, 12e 2 Introduction  © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Chapter 1 THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Chapter 3 THE TIME VALUE OF MONEY* Chapter 4 THE VALUATION OF LONG-TERM

Functionalism and Crime and Deviance Essay - 913 Words

Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the usefulness of functionalist approaches in explaining crime (21 Marks) Item A Functionalist sociologists focus on how far individuals accept the norms and values of society. Central to their study of crime is the attempt to understand why people break the rules of society. Despite their focus on the importance of shared norms and values, functionalists see a small amount of crime as necessary and beneficial to society. The publicity given to crime highlights the boundaries of acceptable behaviour. However, the beneficial effects of crime for society are limited; too much crime can indicate problems. Durkheim looks at how crime and deviance is inevitable and needed in†¦show more content†¦Furthermore Durkheim doesn’t specify how much crime is good for society before we fall into anomie. New Right sociologists such as Murray would be critical of this as they believe that subcultures which carry out criminal and deviant acts form an underclass which threatens society on the whole rather than strengthening ‘boundary maintenence.However Durkheim doesn’t state why people commit crimes, another functionalist who did was Merton. Merton developed a ‘strain theory’ building on Durkheim’s work. He said that crime was largely committed as a result of individuals not being able to achieve the goals impressed upon them by society (in his case the American Dream). This led people to turn to unconventional means in order to achieve these goals as they believe that happiness wealth and success are all interchangeable. While Merton does accept that everyone is different, he categorizes people into 5 adaptations to the strain; conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion. Merton can be criticized as it is hard to believe that all people fit into 5 distinct categories with no overlaps. Furthermore Merton fails to explain non - utilitarianism crime, lots of crime is committed which does not financially benefit the criminals for example vandalism. Merton also fails to explain crime and deviance that isn’t committed as an individualShow MoreRelatedMarx and Durkheim’s Views C ontributed to our Understanding of Crime and Deviance? 899 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding of Crime and Deviance? Karl Marx’s Marxist theory and Emile Durkheim’s functionalist theory were both significant in their own ways and therefore made a large contribution to our perception and understanding of how crime and deviance occurs and is dealt with in society. The Marxist theory on crime was focused on the concept that the huge shift towards a capitalist society was the root cause and driving force behind the formation of social divisions and subsequent increase in crime and conflictRead MoreShould Society Change And Understand Foreign Cultures Before Passing Judgment?1657 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand foreign cultures before passing judgment? In American society, we have borrowed many ideal of how to deal with crime and the study of crime through a science. This â€Å"scientific approach to studying criminal behavior† (Siegel, 2012, p. 4) is called criminology and the people who conduct these scientific tests, studies and theories are criminologists. Culture and deviance are like oil and water; they simply do not mix well. What is acceptable in Iraq, Iran and Saudi Arabia may be viewed inRead MoreSociology : Deviance, Conflict, And Symbolic Interactionism Approaches941 Words   |  4 Pagesdefine deviance as a behavior, trait, or belief that departs from a norm and generates a negative reaction in a particular group (153). Deviance can be anything. A certain sociably acceptable act in one culture can be seen as deviant in another culture it does not matter how large or small the act. Sociologist developed three theories to help explain deviance. Sociologists explored the functionalism, conflict, and symbolic in teractionism approaches to deviance. Emile Durkheim studied deviance withRead MoreSociology Is The Study Of Individuals In Groups In A Systematic Way1611 Words   |  7 Pagesscrutinizing theories on the subject ‘crime and deviance’ aiming to outline how each perspective grasps the matter. Before one can observe society, one needs to take into account the ways in which it can be viewed. Perspectives that focus on social systems, are known as macro perspectives. Alternatively, the micro perspective, focuses on social action of the individual. (Taylor et al, 1995). One of The first major perspectives examining society is Functionalism. â€Å"Functionalism begins with the observationRead MoreCrime And Deviance1550 Words   |  7 PagesIn studying crimes and deviance, sociologists look to explain what types of behavior are defined as deviant as opposed to criminal, who defines deviant behaviors, why people become deviant, and how society deals with deviant behavior. Deviance is defined by sociologists are behavior that significantly goes against expected rules and norms. Criminal behavior is behavior that violates the law. Sociology studies groups as opposed to individuals, so when studying crime and deviance, sociologists areRead MoreExplanation to Crime and Deviancy Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pages True Crime or Moral Panic? Evaluate and apply sociological theories relating to crime and deviance Explanations of Crime and Deviancy Crime - an action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law. Deviance-the fact or state of diverging from usual or accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behavior. Crime and deviance are seemingly effortlessly defined by the Oxford dictionary. However sociological prospectives have differing views on crime and the explanationsRead MoreWhat Deviance Is Today s Society Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesWhat defines deviance in today’s society? Is it the abnormal things that people don’t usually do or is it just criminal behavior? Deviance has brought up many questions on what could be defined as it. Deviance is usually shaped by society. It can be defined as the violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law (OpenStax 142). Sociologist want to see why deviance has so many different areas and how it effects a group in a society. For exampleRead More How Crime and Deviance Can Be Seen As Functional for Society1723 Words   |  7 Pages Crime and deviance are acts that will elicit dissent from society. They take various forms and involve various concepts and theories. It will be the aim of this paper to explore those that are considered to be functional for society. It was Emile Durkheim who first clearly established the logic behind the functional approach to the study of crime and deviance[1] when he wrote The Rules of Sociological Method and The Division of Labour[2]. In those works, DurkheimRead MoreCritically Discuss Three Sociological Approaches to Explaining Crime1188 Words   |  5 PagesCritically discuss three sociological approaches to explaining crime? One of the most predominant areas of study in sociology is in the explanation of crime and deviance in society. Criminal acts are those which violate established formal laws, whereas deviance refers to the breaking of social norms. Crime and deviance are a social construct as they are decided by the people in a society and can vary greatly depending on the society in question, as well as the time period being studied. In theRead MoreThe Theory, Symbolic Interactionism, And Conflict Theory1040 Words   |  5 Pagesmothers in poverty who turn to prostitution as a mean of support. Theoretical paradigms such as Functionalism, Conflict theory, and Symbolic Interactionism all have similar and different views on how a society should function. An understanding of each paradigm and how they play a role in society will better show the similarities and differences they each possess in relation with each other. Functionalism defines society as a system of interrelated parts. It focus more on society as a whole, not so

Technology and Organizational Structure Free Essays

Technology and Organizational Structure Wanda Armour University of Phoenix Technology and Organizational Structure This paper represents the research on how technology interacts with organizational structure. Two companies will be identified to compare and contrast their organizational structures. A matrix will be included to summarize the findings. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and Organizational Structure or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Organizational structure in today’s complex multi-dimensional organizations is the connection that holds the infrastructure together to achieve the organizations goals. It is the patterns or arrangement of groups of jobs within an organization. It is also a process that requires organizational re-structuring as the company grows. Historically industry has shifted from the job-shop manufacturing to mass production, with innovative pioneers such as Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol, and Max Weber ((Dristelzweig Droege, n. d. ). These early pioneers were very different thinkers in terms of their principles to determine how to structure organizations for maximum productivity. However, they all had a common view that it was like a machine and that power was in the position, not in the individual holding the position; clearly a vertical bureaucratic structural hierarchy ((Dristelzweig Droege, n. d. ). This ‘one best way’ mindset gradually disappeared as concerns that the traditional organizational structure may hinder, rather than help promote creativity and innovation (Dristelzweig Droege, n. d. ). Today, pressures in U. S. business structures to compete globally calls for a variety of organization structures. There is no ‘one fit all’ organizational structure that has proven effective in contributing to business success. Organizations operate in different environments with different opportunities, products, tasks, risks, strategies, constraints, strengths and weakness, and different organizational structures to meet those challenges (Reference for Business, n. d. ). There are two types of organizational structures found in business environments; centralized and decentralized. Centralized organizational structures rely on one individual to make decisions and provide direction or the company; decentralized organizations rely on a team environment at different levels of the business (Vitez, n. d. ). Organizational Structure Overview of Two Company’s Two very successful companies have been identified with different organizational structures; Toyota Motor Corporation and The Watson’s Creative Company. These two companies are on the opposite end of the spectrum in ter ms of organizational structure. Toyota, a Japanese, multinational corporation, has a centralized matrix organizational structure (the combination of two or more different structures-organic/mechanistic) with a bureaucratic infrastructure. The Watson’s Creative Company, a New York based adverting agency, has a small-decentralized organic organizational structure (organizations that are flexible and effectively adapt to change) (Dorf Byers, 2008). Toyota is considered by some as the world’s largest maker of automobiles, trucks, buses, and robots. Toyota has factories all around the world, that manufacture and assemble vehicles for local markets (Taneja, Pryer, Sewell, 2012). Toyota has an interesting blend of mechanistic, organic and bureaucracy in a centralized organizational structure, which allows them to accommodate their versatile product line. This structure develops a workforce who believes in the company’s products, image, and vision; along with placing a high value on the welfare of its employees (Taneja et al. , 2012). A recent SWOT analysis shows that intense competition could pose a threat resulting in lower price pressures. A recent massive product recall (10 million worldwide) which could hurt the company’s brand image and sales ((Toyota, 2012). Toyota is a company that has a reputation for reliability; the challenge now is rebuilding the emotional ties of customers. A bureaucratic organizational structure could be the flaw as hindered information sharing, miscommunication; along with delayed response time to quality and safety issues have been sighted as the root cause of the recall (Taneja et al. , 2012). One of the disadvantages to a matrix organizational structure is keeping communication channels clear so that potential conflicts do not arise and hinder organizational functioning (Reference for Business, n. d. ). As corporations become worldwide the process of restructuring is inevitable, as they must respond to challenges on a global level. The foundation of Toyota is respect of its people and continuous improvement through the ‘Toyota Way’ which is summarized by five keywords; â€Å"Challenge,† â€Å"Kaizen,† â€Å"Genchi Genbutsu,† â€Å"Respect† and â€Å"Teamwork† (â€Å"The Toyota Way,† n. d). The Watson’s a Creative Company, is an ad agency. They have a decentralized organic organizational structure that is simple and low in formalization. All parts of the organization need each other as an interdependence relationship improves functioning. As an organic organization they need to stay flexible in dealing with customers and in creating concepts for television commercials and print advertisement (Field, n. d. ). I recently visited the Watson’s ad agency and I found a confortable informal environment with a small staff and their dogs. It seemed quite remarkable that a company with such clients as ‘Whole Foods’, ‘Metropolitan Home Magazine’ and many others could work as a community. However it is in line with their mission statement of building lasting relationships between great companies and the audiences they benefit (â€Å"The Watson’s,† n. . ). Their core competency is in their knowledge management and creativity. An organic organization such as The Watson’s is a knowledge-based organization. Tacit knowledge is exchanged through interaction with other knowledge workers. This interaction facilitates the development of a knowledge culture within the organization, supp orting decision making of various knowledge workers through collaboration (Hosnavi Ramezan, 2011). How Structure Affects the use of Technology and Technology Decisions Technology plays a crucial role in today’s organizational structure. Toyota understood that the traditional understanding of centralization in organizational structure would fail to capture its vision of technological development, and value in the employee in the face of new challenges and demands. Toyota adopted a matrix organizational structure to facilitate technology decisions ((Hosnavi Ramezan, 2011). The Watson’s on the other hand believe that technology decisions are based the decentralization of power and control and a higher level of informality and a organic organizational structure was the best fit for their company. Toyota’s superior technology was not enough in light of the recent recalls. As a result they had to reduce their organizational structure, which is no easy task. My observation is that Toyota could have closed a blind eye but instead decided to restructure and fix the problem without deviating from their core competency and mission. The Watson’s interaction with technology is equally exciting as visual displays of artistic genius are created and displayed through a variety of avenues. Technology gives expression to the endless possibilities of the mind and allows them to make decisions based on whatever idea they can dream of. Working on something they believe in helps them to focus on the effectiveness of their products and services. TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE| Inquiry| Toyota Motor Corporation| The Watson’s a Creative Company| Organizational Structure| Centralized Matrix Organizational Structure| Decentralized Organic Organizational Structure| Environment| Stable, highly efficient and orderly. | Constant change, simple, low formalization. | Control| Hierarchic| Network community. | Internal Communication| Vertical, between superior and subordinates. Lateral between people. | Core Competency| Lean Manufacturing Tools, Supply Chain Management, Product Development Technology, Branding| Creative Advertising /Knowledge worker| Core Technology| Conventional and Hybrid Vehicles, Hybrid Systems, Safety and Environmental Technologies. | Web based advertising systems, HTML, XML, SVG and Flash, Communications protocols, Video and audio technology. | Enabling Technologies| Toyota Technology Institu te, Toyota InfoTechnology Center, Home Living Assistant Robotics, Personal Mobility. RD product portfolio. iAd mobile app, Ad tracking, Banner Ads, Rich Media Ads, Tradeshows, Commercial Emails, Poster Ads, Social Media| Organizational Members| Task Oriented| People Oriented| Control-Stability and predictability. | High| Low| Flexibility-Quick response to changing conditions| High| High| Knowledge Management| Reinforcement of hierarchy| Anywhere in the company| Technology Interaction with Organizational Structure Based on these comparisons I believe that the interaction of technology must be accompanied with the right fit of the organizations structure to achieve sustainability. Toyota works on a technological scale far beyond that of the Watson’s. It uses manufacturing technology that is the cutting edge of science (Taneja et al. , 2012). It is doing an amazing work with its robotic technology that will help the handicapped, as well as the individual. Taneia et al. , (2012 believes that Toyota’s research and development accomplishments are making groundbreaking strides in the area of defense against energy starvation. The Watson’s Creative Company is using the Internet to extend their market reach far beyond what was once thought possible through conventional channels. According to Behboudi, Hanzaee, Koshksaray, Khirkhani Tabar, Taheri (2012), â€Å"Creative advertising can provide a competitive edge for a brand, add to its value, and give it an advantage over its rivals in terms of more positive market response†(p. 140). The Watson’s advertising agency has achieved sustainability with their creative and innovative ads through the technology of the Internet. In comparison mechanistic and organic organizational structures are like two musicians, one who plays’ by ear and the other who has to read music; both however deliver a beautiful arrangement of music. Toyota is continuously focused on increasing its technological capabilities, while The Watson’s are continuously looking for more ways to use technology to create ads that are an experience for the consumer. Both are making contributions that will add value to organizational learning, and technological capabilities. References Behboudi, M. , Hanzaee, K. , Koshksaray, A. , Khirkhani Tabar, M. , Taheri, Z. (2012). A Review of the Activities of Advertsing Agencies in Online World []. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(1), 138-149. Retrieved from Ebscohost Dorf, R. C. , Byers, T. H. (2008). Technology Ventures (2nd ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Dristelzweig, H. , Droege, S. B. (n. d. ). Organizational Structure. Retrieved from http://law-journals-books. vlex. com/vid/organizational-structure-51758780 Field, R. (n. d. ). Organizational Effectiveness, Structure and Technology. Retrieved from http://apps. business. ualberta. ca/rfield/Organizational%20Effectiveness,%20Structure,%20and%20Technology. h Hosnavi, R. , Ramezan, M. (2011). Intellectual Capital and Organizational Organic Structure How are these How to cite Technology and Organizational Structure, Essay examples

Biology 101 Final free essay sample

Multiple Choice: Answer ALL of the questions in this section of the exam. Indicate your answer by highlighting your choice. Each question is worth 1 point. 1. What is biology? A) The study of life B) The study of the environment C) The study of DNA D) The study of genetics E) The study of the earth 2. Which of the following can be considered definitions of theory? A) A theory can be an explanation of scientific laws. B) A theory is an integrated explanation of numerous hypotheses, each supported by a large body of observations. C) A theory is a condensation and simplification of many data that previously appeared unrelated. D) A theory is a prediction for new data suggesting new relationships among a range of natural phenomena. E) All of the above. 3. An integrated explanation of numerous hypotheses is known as a ____. A) fact B) law C) control D) theory E) guess 4. What is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method? I. State a problem II. Analyze and interpret data III. Develop a hypothesis IV. Share the results with other scientists V. Design and perform experiment to test the hypothesis A) I – II -III -IV – V B) III – I -V– II –IV C) V – IV –III – II – I D) I – III – V– II – IV E) V – II –I – III -IV . To test a hypothesis about a given variable, experimental and control groups are tested in parallel. Which of the following best explains the dual experiments? A) In the experimental group, a chosen variable is altered in a known way. In the control group, that chosen variable is not altered so a comparison can be made. B) In the control group, a chosen variable is altered in a known way. In the experimental group, that chosen variable is not altered so a comparison can be made. C) In the experimental group, a chosen vari able plus all other variables are altered. In the control group, the chosen variable is altered; however, all other variables are held constant. D) In the experimental and control groups, two different variables are altered. E) Experimental and control groups experiments are identical and run in parallel to get repeatable results. 6. The smallest unit of life is the A) cell B) organelle C) macromolecule D) atom 7. You examine a cell under a microscope and you do not see a well defined nucleus. You conclude the cell must a _____________________ cell. A) prokaryotic B) eukaryotic C) plant D) animal 8. All of the following are examples of elements except? A) oxygen B) water C) hydrogen D) carbon 9. Two atoms with the same atomic number, but different mass numbers are called_________. A) radioactive B) isotopes C) proteins D) electrons E) nuclei 10. Select the element that is not one of the four most common elements in living matter. A) carbon B) hydrogen C) nitrogen D) oxygen E) phosphorous 11. Organic compounds consist mainly of ________ atoms. A) oxygen B) nitrogen C) calcium D) carbon E) phosphorous 12. A substance with a pH greater than 7 is ___, while a substance with a pH less than 7 is___. A) basic, acidic B) acidic, basic C) basic, neutral D) neutral, acidic E) neutral, basic 3. The bond in which 2 atoms share one or more pairs of electrons is a ______________ bond. A) polar B) hydrogen C) ionic D) covalent 14. The energy required for photosynthesis is provided by? A) proteins B) sunlight C) chlorophyll D) carbohydrates E) lipids 15. The term below that includes the other terms is A) atom B) molecule C) electron D) element 16. An element has 43 protons and 50 neutrons. The atomic number of the element is A) 43 B) 50 C) 86 D) 93 E) 100 17. The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called ______. A) facilitated diffusion B) active transport C) osmosis D) phagocytosis E) endocytosis 18. A dog gets many nutrients from its food including amino acids. Which of these can be built directly using the amino acids? A) proteins B) carbohydrates C) lipids D) nucleic acids E) glucose 19. Most carbohydrates in the human body are ___________________________. A) used as building blocks for proteins B) used as catalysts for reactions in cells C) consumed as a source of energy D) not easily absorbed into the bloodstream E) not necessary for regular bodily functions 20. A scientist removed the plasma membranes from bacteria cells in a culture. She analyzed the cell membranes for specific molecules. Which of these was probably the most common type of molecule present in the bacteria plasma membranes? A) carbohydrate B) nucleic acid C) amino acid D) lipid E) ATP 21. The site of protein synthesis in the cell is ___________________________. A) the mitochondria B) the nucleus C) the Golgi apparatus D) the ribosomes 22. Cyanide is a poison that prevents mitochondria from using oxygen. As a result, the mitochondria cannot produce A) lipids B) proteins C) energy D) sugars E) nucleic acids 3. The replication of DNA ___________________________________________. A) produces RNA molecules B) produces completely new strands of DNA C) produces two DNA molecules, each of which is half-new and half-old DNA D) generates excessive DNA, which eventually causes the nucleus to divide 24. The form of RNA that is complementary to DNA and carries the code from the DNA to the site where the protein is synthesized is A) messenger RNA B) nuclear RNA C) ribosomal RNA D) transfer RNA 25. If the amounts of bases in a DNA molecule are measured, you would find that A) A = C and G=T B) A = G and C=T C) T = A and C =G D) A = U and C=G E) U = Cand A =G 26. In humans, the allele for dimples (D) is dominant. The allele for not having dimples (d) is recessive. If a woman (DD) and a man (Dd) have four children, how many of the children will not have dimples? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4 7. Which of these statements best explains how genes and proteins are related? A) Genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins. B) Proteins are segments of DNA that code for genes. C) Genes are segments of proteins that code for DNA. D) Proteins are the building blocks of genes. E) Genes are the building blocks of proteins. 28. Which of the following could not be a sequence of RNA? A) GCGUUU B) UAUGCG C) ATGCGT D) AUGCGU E) AAACUG 29. Information stored in DNA is transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells in the form of A) lipids B) DNA C) RNA D) proteins E) carbohydrates 30. Researchers are studying slider turtles. Slider turtles hatch on the beach and travel to the sea. The researchers discover that the larger baby turtles were more likely to survive than the smaller baby turtles. They hypothesized that the larger turtles could move more quickly toward the water than the smaller turtles, and therefore, the larger turtles reduced their exposure to predators. The survival advantage for the larger baby turtles is a result of ______. A) natural selection B) genetic engineering C) diversity D) artificial selection E) migration 31. The theory of natural selection states that A) some live and some die in each generation. B) only the largest and strongest survive. C) random assortment of genes results in better characteristics in the following generations. D) the best adapted individuals survive and reproduce, contributing the most genes to the next generation. E) individuals that mutate in response to their environment will survive. 32. Inheritable mutations, which may allow a population to evolve, are produced A) by chance B) as a response to environmental C) as a response to selection pressure D) by natural selection E) by artificial selection 3. When a biologist studies the way organisms interact with each other and with their environment, they are studying their____________________. A) physiology B) anatomy C) chemistry D) genetics E) ecology 34. In a deciduous oak forest of the American northeast, one example of an abiotic component of the ecosystem would be ____________________________. A) worms in the soi l that feed on plant roots B) worms in the soil that feed on dead organic matter C) sunlight that filters through the canopy D) animals such as deer that migrate through the forest but do not eat in the forest E) plants and animals in the same area 5. Which of the following activities decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere? A) Cutting down trees. B) Driving gasoline powered vehicles. C) Using electricity from coal-powered plants. D) Planting trees. E) Heating your home. 36. If a bird eats an insect that ate a plant, the bird would be considered a(n) A) autotroph B) primary producer C) primary consumer D) secondary consumer E) tertiary consumer 37. When energy is converted from one form to another, some of the original energy is â€Å"lost† as A) water B) heat C) electrons D) mechanical energy E) electrical energy 38. The statement best describes the relationship between plants and animals on earth is A) plants produce O2 and sugars from CO2 B) animals produce CO2 and H2O from sugars and O2 C) plants produce O2 and sugars and animals produce CO2 and H2O D) animals produce O2 and sugars and plants produce CO2 and H2O 39. What do plants and animals have in common? A) They are both heterotrophic. B) They are both autotrophic. C) They are both prokaryotic. D) They are both eukaryotic. E) The are both hydrophobic 40. Gregor Mendel is responsible for A) Mathematics B) Natural Selection C) Molecular biology D) Genetics E) None of the above 1. Elephants travel long distances in search of food. Using vibrations felt in the ground, family members traveling separately can communicate with each other. Based on your knowledge of evolution, the ability to communicate over long distances probably developed __________. A) slowly over millions of years B) by accident C) over a ten year period D) as a strategy to d ecrease reproduction E) as a way to communicate with humans 42. The plasma membrane is _____________________. A) completely permeable B) selectively permeable C) impermeable D) found only in eukaryotic cells E) found only in prokaryotic cells 3. Humans are composed of ______ cells. A) prokaryotic B) bacterial C) eukaryotic D) viral E) fungal 44. Certain fungi that are important in nutrient recycling because they release nutrients from dead organisms back into the ecosystem are _____________________. A) producers B) consumers C) decomposers D) recyclers E) feeders 45. Humans are ______. A) ecosystems B) consumers C) decomposers D) cells E) producers 46. One of the end products of respiration is _____________. A) glucose B) starch C)sucrose D)water E) oxygen 47. A protein molecule, which is denatured, has __________________________. A) split into smaller molecules B) changed its shape C) combined with another molecule D) been diluted.. 48. ___________________ is the term that refers to the energy-requiring movement of a substance across a biological membrane . A) facilitated diffusion B) active transport C) osmosis D) diffusion E) endocytosis 49. All of the following are characteristics of life except _____________________________________. A) growth B) homeostasis C) movement D) reproduction E) energy use 50. In the scientific method, a hypothesis __________. A) is a statement of fact B) makes a prediction that can be tested C) is usually proven to be correct D) can only be tested once E) all of these Fill-in each blank with the appropriate word(s) to complete the sentences. Each completed sentence is worth 1 point. 51. There are two major categories of cells. These categories are Eukaryotic cells, which include bacteria, and Prokaryotic, which include fungi. 52. Homeostasis is the term that describes an organisms ability to maintain a stable internal environment. 53. The anticodon AAA would be complimentary to the UUU. 54. You are given one strand of DNA that has the sequence GAATGC. The complementary strand is CTTACG. 55. Genes are made of segments of DNA. 56. The genetic makeup of an organism is called it Genotype, while the physical traits of an organism are called its Phenotype. 57. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. 58. The production of ATP in cells occurs primarily in the Mitochondria. 59. Chloroplast are the organelles in plant cells that store chlorophyll and perform photosynthetic reactions. 60. Organisms that make their own food in photosynthesis are known as autotrophs or Producers. Answer ONLY 8 of the 12 essay questions. Each question is worth 5 points. The full number of points will be awarded for accurate, correct, full, complete, and thorough answers. Partial credit will be awarded for less than accurate, correct, full, complete, and thorough answers so it is to your advantage to attempt an answer. 1. A population of grasshoppers in the Kansas prairie has two color phenotypes, green and brown. Typically, the prairie receives adequate water to maintain healthy, green grass. Assume a bird that eats grasshoppers moves into the prairie. How will this affect natural selection of the grasshoppers? How might this change in a drought year? This will effect the natural selection of the grasshoppers by the population of the brown grasshoppers decreasing. This would happen because the brown grasshoppers would be easier to spot in the healthy green grass by the bird who consume them. There would be less brown grasshoppers to breed too. In a drought year, the population of the green grasshoppers would be the one to decrease because they would now be the ones who are easier to spot because they no longer have a camouflage advantage. It would no be more with the brown grasshoppers. 2. You are a writer for â€Å"Consumer Reports† magazine and you are asked to design an experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of three brands of whitening strips for teeth. Describe how you would do this using the Scientific Method. Include all of the steps, controls and variables. Observation: These three whitening strips are effective to teeth but are from different brands so they have different levels of effectiveness. Question: What brand of whitening strips is most effective? Hypothesis: I believe that Brand B is the most effective because I use it more. Experiment: Use each of the whitening strips on one person who has a steady diet for a week each and see the effect of each whitening strip at the end of the week as far as the shade of white of the teeth. The control would be the person and their diet for the weeks of being tested. Analysis of Data: Whichever proves to be most effective will be the best and recommended one. Also through this experiment the effectiveness of each one is tested. 3. Lithops, also called Stoneplants, are a type of plant that resembles little stones. These plants have the ability to blend in with their surrounding, which affords them protection from predators. If you were in an area containing Lithops, describe four characteristics you could identify to distinguish these plants from the stones they mimic. †¢ Lithops have a crease down their middles that show symmetry. †¢ Lithops also have a mottled pattern on their tips †¢ Lithops at a certain time have a flower that emerges from their center once a year. †¢ Lithops are usually bigger than the rocks they are in the midst of. 4. Explain the process of cell division in animals. Include a description of interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis is what occurs right after interphase, which is where a cell basically doubles everything in its cytoplasm. The cell in this part would increase its supply of proteins, number of its organelles and grows in size. Interphase contains three phases within it: G1, S, and G2 . After interphase, there is mitosis, which is where the nucleus and its contents divide and is evenly distributed forming two daughter nuclei. Mitosis is composed of the processes of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Finally there is cytokinesis, this is where the cytoplasm is divided into two. The combination of mitosis and cytokinesis make two genetically identical daughter cells, with each containing a nucleus, surrounding cytoplasm with organelles and a plasma membrane. 5. Suppose someone presented data from their research that showed the DNA of a newly discovered species was composed of: 30% adenine, 30% guanine, 20% thymine, 20% cytosine. Based on what you know about DNA structure, explain why these data do not make sense. 6. What are the differences between a covalent bond and an ionic bond? A covalent bond is a bond between atoms where they share one or more pairs of outer shell electrons whereas an ionic bond is between oppositely-charged ions. 7. Water is crucial for life as we know it. One of the most important characteristics of water is its ability to act as a solvent. Explain why water is such a good solvent for polar and charged molecules. Water is made up of both oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen greatly attracts electrons and is negatively charge and hydrogen is positively charged. Water is considered a great solvent and a universal one because of these charges. . Suppose you are taking a cruise from California to Hawaii. About halfway there, the ship begins to sink. You are able to board a lifeboat, but now you are floating in the ocean waiting to be rescued. After several days, you are so thirsty that you bend over the side of the boat and drink lots of salty seawater. Explain what you think will happen to your body within a few hours of drinking the ocean water, a nd explain biological basis for your reaction. I believe that I will quickly become dehydrated because of the salt content of the water. With the amount of salt coming in my cells will release the water around them instead of absorbing because of osmosis. 9. What is DNA fingerprinting and explain how this could be used in court or on a TV show such as CSI? DNA fingerprinting is a procedure that analyzes an individuals collection genetic markers using PCR and gel electrophoresis. This can be used in order to see whether two samples of genetic material originated from the same individual. 10. DNA and RNA are similar yet distinct components of the cell. Describe three differences between RNA and DNA with respect to their chemical composition and structure. Provide a detailed description of each characteristic you chose in your response. 11. Why would you quickly die if not for the action of enzymes in your cells? The enzymes are used for digestion and breaking down the food that we consume, without them, we wouldn’t be able to take the nutrients from the food and then we’d become malnourished. 12. List the four â€Å"large molecules of life. † Identify their composition and structure, and describe one function they perform in the cell.

The megathrust earthquake Essay Example

The megathrust earthquake Paper Chile is hit by what is called a megathrust temblor. Chile lies on a convergence or destructive home base boundary. This means that to different home bases, in this instance the Nacza home base ( an pelagic home base ) and the South-American home base, travel towards each other. In this boundary, the home bases move with an mean velocity of 80 millimeter every twelvemonth. The Nacza home base is heavier because it s an pelagic home base. Pressure makes it dive or sink beneath the lighter Continental home base in an east-north-east way, in a procedure called subduction. This procedure though, does non continue continuously and on the 27th of February, there was a minute that the Nacza home base skidded. At that point, there is a motion of home bases there and a release of great sums of energy ensuing from the force per unit area. This topographic point where the temblor originates, is called hypocenter. In this instance, the deepness was 35 kilometer. From here, seismal moving ridge s are send out in every way. Depending on the stuff, waves pass rapidly ( harder stuffs ) or lose some of their velocity and energy ( unstable, softer stuffs ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The megathrust earthquake specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The megathrust earthquake specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The megathrust earthquake specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On the right figure, there is made a cross profile of the left figure. The pointer indicates the subduction zone, in this instance, about the full litoral of Chile. In ruddy, there is explained why home bases move in the same way: convergence and droping convection currents pull plates together. explicate the strength of this temblor This temblor had a strength of 8.8 on the minute magnitude graduated table. This is a logarithmic manner of mensurating the strength of seismal moving ridges. With an ultrasensitive pen attached to a spring they can see how much the maximal amplitude was at a certain point. Great amplitudes were measured during 4 proceedingss. Changes in co-ordinates are registered along a 700 kilometer long section of the mistake zone ( the zone were the Nacza plates subducts ) , with largest supplantings of about 10 metres. Using the GPS co-ordinate system, measurings have shown that it moved for illustration Concepcion about 10 pess due wests. It besides moved other large metropoliss like Santiago and Buenos Aires. It was even so powerful that the period of Earth s rotary motion is shortened, ensuing in a twenty-four hours that is 1.26 microseconds shorter than earlier. The ground is that the heavy pelagic home base moved towards the Earth s karyon, which makes that the mass is more concentrated in the karyon than before, which shifts the centre of gravitation. 2 History of temblors What opportunity of temblors in that part ( + clarify with maps ) On the figure, there is indicated in ruddy where the greatest chance for an temblor is calculated. Most of the temblors due to tectonic motion are originated at the so called ring of fire. This is an country in the Pacific Ocean where a batch of temblors occur and where there is a batch of volcanic activity. The northern part of Chile ( centered on Antofagasta ) has experienced the most temblors: 61 strong ( M6.0-6.9 ) , 10 major ( M7.0-M7.9 ) , and one great temblor of magnitude 8.0 since the beginning of 1975. This means 80 heavy temblors in period of 35 old ages, about 2 per twelvemonth. The cardinal part around Santa Cruz has experienced a small less temblors: 52 strong, and 7 major temblors since 1975. 3 Why yes/no a opportunity to tsunamis with the temblor? With a sudden gesture of the sea floor, there can be triggered a tsunami. This tsunami on the 27th of February merely had a tallness of 1.29 metre, but because of its high velocity, it can still hold black effects. There is a possibility of a tsunami because it s an pelagic home base that is subducting the South-American home base. With subducting home bases, there is perpendicular gesture of the home bases, which triggers the tsunami. The opportunity of a tsunami is therefore a batch bigger along a destructive ( meeting ) home base boundary than along a constructive home base boundary.

Free Essays on The Black Death

The Black Death was the most known incidence of the bubonic plague that killed at least 25 million people throughout Europe during the 14th century. The bubonic plague first appeared in Asia then moved at an alarmingly fast speed along the trade routes towards Europe carried by fleas that infested on rats (Hollister 1974). The disease was extremely swift where as explained by Boccaccio (1351) victims often â€Å"ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors in paradise†. The impact that the pestilence had on Europe was extreme and the psychological effects must never be underestimated. Immediate responses differ widely between people with some choosing to flee from their cities and family towards the countryside, others giving way to religious frenzy and debauchery, while some remained faithfully at their posts hoping for divine protection (Hollister 1974). No matter what people did nothing halted the disease and no one emerged from the ordeal unaffected. Psychologically, the plague altered the way people of the 14th and 15th centuries viewed the world. Nobody wept for the dead, since each person was awaiting their own death, and so many died that everyone thought that the world was coming to an end. One of the firsts and most obvious consequences from the enormous amount of life lost was human behaviour and psychology (Holmes 1988). When the plague first attacked, the commonplaces of everyday life just stopped, peasants stopped ploughing, merchants closed their shops, and even churchmen stopped offering last rites (Gottfried 1983). Boccaccio’s ‘The Decameron’ not only details the horrid physical effects the plague had on people but also the social, the plague forced people to run from one another, â€Å"brother abandoned brother†¦wife abandoned husband, and even worse, almost unbelievable- fathers and mothers neglected to tend and care for their children, as if they were not their own†. This is support ed by Di... Free Essays on The Black Death Free Essays on The Black Death The Black Death was the most known incidence of the bubonic plague that killed at least 25 million people throughout Europe during the 14th century. The bubonic plague first appeared in Asia then moved at an alarmingly fast speed along the trade routes towards Europe carried by fleas that infested on rats (Hollister 1974). The disease was extremely swift where as explained by Boccaccio (1351) victims often â€Å"ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors in paradise†. The impact that the pestilence had on Europe was extreme and the psychological effects must never be underestimated. Immediate responses differ widely between people with some choosing to flee from their cities and family towards the countryside, others giving way to religious frenzy and debauchery, while some remained faithfully at their posts hoping for divine protection (Hollister 1974). No matter what people did nothing halted the disease and no one emerged from the ordeal unaffected. Psychologically, the plague altered the way people of the 14th and 15th centuries viewed the world. Nobody wept for the dead, since each person was awaiting their own death, and so many died that everyone thought that the world was coming to an end. One of the firsts and most obvious consequences from the enormous amount of life lost was human behaviour and psychology (Holmes 1988). When the plague first attacked, the commonplaces of everyday life just stopped, peasants stopped ploughing, merchants closed their shops, and even churchmen stopped offering last rites (Gottfried 1983). Boccaccio’s ‘The Decameron’ not only details the horrid physical effects the plague had on people but also the social, the plague forced people to run from one another, â€Å"brother abandoned brother†¦wife abandoned husband, and even worse, almost unbelievable- fathers and mothers neglected to tend and care for their children, as if they were not their own†. This is support ed by Di...

How the Alchemist relates to African American Studies Essay

How the Alchemist relates to African American Studies - Essay Example In fact, the same sense of dare is conveyed by several other characters of the story as well, like the camel driver said while talking to Santiago, â€Å"We are afraid of losing what we have, whether it’s our life or our possessions or our property. But this fear evaporates when we understand that our life stories and the history of the world were written by the same hand† (Coelho 76). African American literature narrates several accounts of the African tribes’ wars most of them originated because one tribe wanted to attack the other and confiscate their possessions in order to become richer than the other. One can sense the same level of dare in Santiago’s resolution to keep going on and encounter further challenges with whatever he attains rather than reverting to where he came from. His ability to struggle and find work elsewhere and earn his living also tells that he is hard working like African

Financial risk management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial risk management - Essay Example man Sachs bank saw its profits decline due significant losses being realized from large subprime write downs which were followed by mortgage crisis meaning beneficiaries were unable to pay. The short selling of subprime mortgage securities to Lehman Brothers is blamed to have worsened the financial crisis to the detriment of both institutions. As a result, the bank approached the federal government for a bailout under the troubled asset relief programme (TARP). Since the loan came with high interest rates and short repayment period, the bank’s financial condition worsened and become highly geared. In summary, Goldman Sachs financial crisis can be classified as threefold, that is, financial malpractices among traders and top executives in trading mortgage securities (operational risk), mortgage industry crisis/ risks and high financial leverage. Risk management theories that can be used to explain the crisis an offer insights into possible solutions are discussed hereunder. Weinberg (2007) noted that the bank relied on incomes from trading to maintain its profit growth which was risky. Therefore, the bank should have maintained a prudent model to monitor the value at risk (VaR) for securities being traded. VaR model shows the maximum estimated loss for a portfolio factoring market related risks at a given time horizon (Esch, Kieffer and Lopez, 2005). Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) would also have helped the bank to understand the behavior of capital markets and possibilities of excess, negative and optimal return on a portfolio by analyzing the securities market line (Elton et al., 2010). Brownian motion model of financial risk management though highlights useful risk strategies useful under normal circumstances was found to fail in providing rational understanding of financial turmoil (Borma and Sharma, 2011). Boma, S. & Sharma, D. (2011). â€Å" How much trust should risk managers place on â€Å"Brownian Motions† of financial markets?† International Journal

The Ancient View of Blacks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Ancient View of Blacks - Essay Example "The Greeks and Romans.in the first European accounts of the physical characteristics of certain African peoples, frequently used a color-term - Aithiops, Aethiops, Ethiopian- literally a burnt-faced person - as a designation for the blackest and most wooly-haired people known to them. But it is not generally known that Ethiopian carried no stigma of inferiority" (Bowser 1995 pg 3). If the way that dark skinned people were depicted in the artwork and writings of those times is 'no stigma of inferiority' then it would be reasonable to assume that these people were treated as equals, and dissimilar to the disdain with which some dark-skinned individuals, and their communities are treated in today's modern world. That slavery was a common practice during the Greek and Roman eras is readily accepted as fact by most experts. Evidence that slavery was common and accepted can be found in writings from many philosophers of that era including Aristotle. "Aristotle's doctrine of natural slavery was a refined version of such reputable, practical wisdom on slavery through it we are gaining access to something approaching the standard view of the supposedly rational Greek slave-holder on the nature and justification of slavery." (Cartledge 1993 pg 122). Because Aristotle was justifying the ancient Greek's use of slavery, we can assume that slavery was important enough to them that they felt they had to justify it. In modern terms, or scenarios, when mentioning slavery an immediate thought comes to mind concerning the Black race, probably because the last time there was prevalent slavery it was due to that race being enslaved. That was not necessarily true in ancient Greek and Rome, especially with the Greeks, because (some believe) that would mean that they were enslaving themselves or their relatives.Bernal says, "Plutarch admitted Greece's deep cultural debts to Egypt, he took it as axiomatic, for instance, that Greek religion came from Egypt." (Bernal 2001 pg 3). If, as Plutarch admitted, Greek religion came from Egypt, would that not mean that Egyptians also came and settled what was to become Greece It would seem likely, and if that held true, and again we refer back to Bernal and his assertion that Egyptians were from the Bla ck race, that would mean that the Greeks were descendants of Negroid descedants. At the very least experts believe that the Egyptians intermixed with the Kushites (who were black). "The history of Kushite-Egyptian contacts was in large part the story of Egypt's efforts to exploit the human and natural resources of Kush, and of Kush's response to the commercial and imperial ambitions of its northern neighbors" (Snowden 1983 pg 21). Snowden states that Pepynakht (a noble from Elephantine) reported that he had been commissioned to pacify the countries to the south (Kush) and that he did so. An inscription from Pepynakht's tomb informs us that "he had slain many leaders, and that he had returned with prisoners.how many.were Negroid is not known, but Negroeswere among captives taken in the southern campaigns of Pepy I and II." (Snowden 1983 pg

Similarities in the Film The Hour and Mrs Dalloway

Similarities in the Film The Hour and Mrs Dalloway The similarities in the themes of the film The Hour and the novel Mrs. Dalloway. The Hours is a 2002 movie directed by Stephen Daldry and Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway has the similarities in the theme of homosexuality. Both the film and the novel depict all its action in one single day. Clarissa Dalloway in the novel and Clarissa Vaughn in the film wonder if they have the right decision to choose the right person to spend their lives with. Both the film The Hour and the novel Mrs. Dalloway   are absolute masterpieces. Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway tells the story of an entire day in the eyes of Clarissa Dalloway. It is confined to one single day, Wednesday in mid-June 1923, culminating in a party given by Clarissa Dalloway at the end of the day. Its also limited to one place, London, and emotionally to the relationship of Mrs. Dalloway with her husband Richard Dalloway, Peter Walsh, Sally Seton, and Septimus Warren Smith. Clarissa Dalloways character is developed through the thoughts which pass through her mind in one single day at different times. Whenever the big bang chimes or the backfiring of the motor engine, the point of view shifts regularly from one character to another and sometimes happens within one single sentence. At each shift, the author provides an indirect look into the characters thoughts and emotions. The narrator just reports the characters thoughts. For example, Clarissa sleeps in her own room and her isolation is a sexual failure to connect with her husband Richard. She imagines herself as a virgin nun in a white dress: Mrs. Dalloway raised her hand to her eyes, and, as the maid shut the door, she heard the swish of Lucys skirt, she felt like a nun who has left the world and feels fold round her familiar veils and responses to old devotions. (Woolf 29) The verb felt and feel shows that the narrators knowledge of the interior of the main character. Such a radical narrative techni que causes a great confusion to readers, yet at the same time enlightens the meaning of her story. From the beginning to the end of Mrs. Dalloway, there are no parts or chapters. The structure of this novel is very compact, which is concentrated in one single day on purpose. All the incidents happen in the novel is connected with each other very well. The technique that Woolf uses is the stream of consciousness which also enriches her writing. Stephen Daldrys The Hours has the same path of Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway by depicting all its action in a single day, where events take place in three different years. The first event captures Virginia Woolf in 1923, preparing to write the novel, Mrs. Dalloway, in her home, Richmond, London (Daldry, The Hour). The other year 1951, depicts the troubled, homemaker Laura Brown moves from her marriage or life to read the novel, Mrs. Dalloway (Daldry, The Hour). The third year shows the New Yorker, Clarissa Vaughan, in 2001, dedicating her entire day preparing a party for her college days friend and lover Richard. The party is in honor of Richard, an HIV-positive poet, and author about to receive a prestigious award that he finds little meaning in it (Daldry, The Hour). Clarissa Dalloway in the novel and Clarissa Vaughn in the film are throwing parties in Richards honor and both chose the same flowers. The film The Hour and the novel Mrs. Dalloway have a close correlation in terms of both the story arrangement and unfolding of the characters in the film closely captures the characters in the novel. In Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway, the theme of homosexuality takes a major part, where Mrs. Dalloway herself as the main character of the novel, does not enjoy her marriage because of poor communication and lacking of connection. Clarissas husband, Richard Dalloway, comes home with a bunch of flowers meant for his wife. However, he fails to tell Clarissa that he loves her because he could not bring himself to say he loved her; not in so many words. (118) On the other hand, Clarissa gets distracted by the memories of Sally Seton, her childhood friend and loves interest, with whom she shared a kiss, which she defines as: The most exquisite moment of her whole life†¦and she felt that she had been given a present, wrapped up, and told just to keep it, not to look at it- a diamond, something infinitely precious. (35) Mrs. Dalloway has never forgotten about Seton, who is now married to Lord Rosseter and has five boys. Clarissa Dalloway aspires to be like Sally, but she fears judgment from society about her potential homosexuality, which is one of the reasons behind her marriage does not flourish. On the contrary, in Stephen Daldrys The Hours, the theme of homosexuality is developed and portrayed in the form of the ten-year intimate relationship between Clarissa Vaughn and Sally Lester. Ten years is a long time for Clarissa and Sally to live together in the same apartment sharing everything that a husband and wife shares. Clarissa Vaughn in The Hour differs from Clarissa Dalloway in Mrs. Dalloway because she chose to not to be with Richard and ended up with Sally. Also, in the film The Hour, the interesting parts are the women in each era of the film shared a kiss with another woman. For example, Lauras neighbor Kitty drops in to ask her if she can take care of Lauras dog while Laura is in the hospital for a procedure. Kitty pretends to be cheerful; however, Laura feels Kittys fear and boldly kisses Kitty on the lips (Daldry, The Hour). Both Stephen Daldrys The Hours and Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway present a unique way of constructing stories. The idea of developing the story depicts all its action in one single day, demonstrates the creative nature of both the author Virginia Woolf and the director Stephen Daldry. The story revolves on a single day, yet, they are able to deliver the significant message with the similarities in the theme of homosexuality to the reader as a novel and film, that could have considered different writing angles. Director Stephen Daldry has done a fantastic job of delivering Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway into his own modern retelling, The Hours. Works Cited The Hours. Dir. Stephen Daldry. Paramount Pictures. 2002. Film  Ã‚   Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1925. Print.

John Wesley and the Methodist Church- Analysis of “Methodism and the Ch

I have been a firm believer that if one does not understand where you come from you can have little understanding of where your heading. The first thirty-two pages of the book on â€Å"Methodism and the Christian Heritage in England† gave a background as to Wesley’s foundation that so many authors overlook. The first page summed it up best in: â€Å"The long course of English ecclesiastical history met the force of a new concern for renewal, both individual and institutional. A long tradition of propositional certainty of faith met the power of a personal experience of faith. An institution built by and for the establishment met a concern for the souls and bodies of the disenfranchised† (p.1, Heitzenrater). This explained the transformation of both individuals and the Church at this moment in history. Of how a small congregation in Stanton Harcourt would be the starting point for a â€Å"guest preacher, would shortly become the leader of an evangelical revival that would, during his lifetime, spread across the lands and become a trans-Atlantic movement† (p. 1, Heitzenrater). How many present at St. Michael’s on that June 11 Sunday morning in 1738 realized just how important this day would be in the history of the Church in the British Isle, America and throughout the world. How the step taken by the monarch’s of England influenced the Church in England to be transformed into the Church of England. The struggle in the theology of Lutheran, Calvinist, Catholicism, and Moravianism, to name just a few, would all have an influence in the foundation of the Methodist movement. Of how â€Å"John Wesley, paternal grandfather was brought before the Bishop of Bristol, Gilbert Ironside, to answer charges of nonconforming to the Thirty-Nine Articles† (p. 1... ...day: how do we make the church relevant to a society that see’s it was being a product of a long past believe system. How do we allow people to explore their faith question and at the same time provide a firm foundation? The influence of Calvinist, Mystics, New Age, Atheisms, and other religious faith has caused confusion among our cognation as to what they believe in. By studying this text with our congregations we can provide them with an understanding of where Methodism came from and where we are heading. I am looking forward in gaining a better understanding of where we came from to become Methodist so that I can better chart a course of where we are heading as a congregation, denomination and a people of faith. Let the journey begin. Works Cited 1. Heitzenrater, Richard P. 1995, Wesley and the People Called Methodist. Abingdon Press, Nashville, TN.

History of Architecture in Puerto Rico Essay

Puerto Rico was first discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1493. He named the place San Juan Baustista and sooner or later the people called it Boriquen Tierra del alto senor or the Land of the Noble Lord. Juan Ponce de Leon became the country’s first governor . Upon his arrival, he constituted a colony in Caparra until such time that Caparra had to be moved to a nearby location with a sound environment. The name Caparra was changed to Puerto Rico which means Rich Port because its harbor is among the best in the world (Everyculture. com, n. d. . Antilles has a series of islands closely situated together with extends more than one thousand miles from Florida all the way to Venezuela or South America. There is the Greater Antilles and the Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico together with Dominican Republic, Jamaica and Haiti form part of the Greater Antilles. Puerto Rico is the smallest island in the easternmost part of Greater Antilles with a roughly rectangular shape (Solboricua. com,1998). The element, design and architecture of a particular place is as much important as everything else. It is architecture that gives meaning to the place. Good architecture is a reflection of a country’s triumphs and adventures. Architecture at its best light makes the outline of the country. Buildings, cathedrals and homes scream out the personality of the nation and the people . A simple architecture can turn a piece of art into a masterpiece but great architecture breathes life into anything thereby enabling it to achieve a harmonious blend with the society. It is evident in the country’s architecture that Puerto Rico has a substantial amount of Spanish influence during the course of time. The condensed, twisting cobblestone can be similarly compared with Andalusia of Spain. San Juan, otherwise known as La Ciudad Amurallada which is the capital city was founded in 1521. San Juan has a classic example of Spanish architecture, it is home to hundreds of reminiscent historical events. It has more than four hundred years of history stored inside a military threshold. The landmarks of the San Felipe del Morro are considered as one of Puerto Rico’s most prized treasures. After the commonwealth renovation, San Juan was turned into one of the most amazing tourist spot in the world. The city was built using Spanish plans which was organized to make intersecting and perpendicular streets and plazas all over the city. Spanish architecture was brought back in the country during the American occupation. The families belonging to the elites built fortresses and castles that resemble Art Deco structures (Everyculture. com, n. d. ). Puerto Rico has been the home of 16th and 19th century architecture. This country has been the home of classical, contemporary and medieval architecture. Gothic architecture can be seen as well in the San Juan church which was built in the 16th century. The El Morro Fortress is considered an international site. This is a six-level fortress that was built in 1540 and was finished in 1589. The name San Felipe del Morro was adopted in honor of King Phillip II. This building is filled with dungeons and tunnels. It is now under the administration of the National Park Service. Along side the El Morro is the San Cristobal Fort. This ancient structure provided one of the largest defense in the history of America. Like the El Morro, it also contains mazes and tunnels which are built to stand on its own if ever the others would fall. Another architectural wonder in Puerto Rico was the Plaza del Mercado which was an old market that had been revived and turned into a piece of tourist spot. The government allocated a substantial amount of their budget in order to restore their heritage (The Puerto Rico Channel, 2009). The part of Old San Juan is the home of breathtaking tourist attractions. Every year, more and more people go to Puerto Rico rather than any place in the Caribbean. This is the perfect place to see if people want to get a picture of the Old World. There are several plazas such as the Plaza de San Jose. In the center of it stands the statue of Ponce de Leon made entirely of bronze. Plaza del Quinto Centenario has Christopher Columbus’ statue about forty feet made in ceramic and granite which can be interpreted to mean as a symbolism of American roots. It was the work of one of the country’s top artist, Jaime Suarez. Another interesting site would be the Plaza de Armas which has four statues each over a hundred years old, symbolizing the four seasons. Plaza de Colon otherwise known as Columbus Square contains tablets made in bronze in order to remember the significant aspects of his life. The Plaza de la Rogativa’s main attraction was the sculpture of the procession of a pious lady. This piece of art signifies an important event which happened in that same place in 1797. In that year, a British troop lead by Sir Ambercrombie sailed onto the coast of San Juan bay with the plan of attacking the city and taking control. The plan failed so they resulted in alternate plan of blocking the port of the city in the hopes of starving the residents until they come into a point of surrender. The whole town grew desperate so the governor told the people to call for divine assistance. In response, all the women in town gathered and formed a procession carrying bells and torches. When the British heard the bell and saw all the lights, they thought that reinforcements came to the aid of the people so they left ( Puerto Rico, 2009). It is a wonderful thing that Puerto Rico imbibed the rich culture of Spain during its colonization but as good as it may be, the country also has its own pure and uninfluenced Puerto Rican architecture. An example would be its very own Caribe Hotel. Its colors, structure and striking murals reflect its own rich culture and not Spain’s. The main feature of of this hotel is that it was once a part of the medieval fort that the Spanish explorers used (The Puerto Rico Channel, 2009). The beauty of this country is that it never runs out of sights that stand out during the course of time. A person can look every direction and see pieces of architecture lying all over the country such as fortresses, parks, churches and buildings. La Fortaleza was built as a defense against attacks of the Indians. This structure was the very first among the several military concentration camps that were constructed along side the San Juan Bay. The original structure underwent changes because of the passing of the time so in the late 1800’s, this building was reconstructed. Puerto Rico also has its very own Madrid in the heart of San Juan city, it is called Alcadia. When it comes to churches, Puerto Rico has a handful. The San Juan Cathedral, the second oldest cathedral in the west was built in 1521. The very first building was made of wood but it got destroyed by a hurricane two times, once in 1540 and again in 1598. The Cathedral standing today was the result of efforts to restore the structure that once was in order to preserve the its heritage. In the church lies the tomb of the country’s first ever governor Ponce de Leon. The San Jose Church was the first ever church and monastery of Saint Thomas Aquinas which was constructed by the Dominicans in the memory of Saint Thomas de Aquinas and also to serve not only as a refuge but a sanctuary as well. Puerto Rico is a country blessed with museums. The Pablo Casals Museum is considered a Spanish legacy . It contains artifacts, memorabilia and library full of tapes of festivals and concerts. Casa de los Dones or the House of the Two Foyers is Puerto Rico’s home of the Indians located at the streets of San Juan. It is full of archaeological exhibits. The Asilo de Beneficencia was built to help poor people. It was constructed during the 1800’s . The place now offers exhibits everyday, it is called the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture. Puerto Rico’s White House called the Casa Blanca was the former residence of Governor Ponce de Leon and his children’s children for over two hundred years. After the military took over, they used it as home for the commanders. The White House today holds over several rooms each designed with a different period associated with the history of the house (Puerto Rico, 2009). Many art lovers and scholars firmly believe that architecture greatly contributes to the pillar of success of any nation. Puerto Rico is a classic example that architecture gives life to the nation. Through a country’s architecture, its history can be fully appreciated. Somebody once said that the present can never be understood without knowing the past. In the same way, the value of Puerto Rico’s deep and rich culture can never be fully appreciated without the beaming architectural structures of the fortresses, cathedrals and museums. These architectural pieces holds in time all that the country went through, from the time when the island was first discovered until the Spanish colonization and the modernization. Every memory that the country holds dear are steps away from each other. Taking a look and examining the historical landmarks all over Puerto Rico enables any person to take a trip down the country’s very own memory lane. The country itself is a living memorabilia of everything that went through its nation and this fact can be greatly attributed to its architecture.

Lawford Electric Company Essay

Critical Summary This sale was Lawford’s to lose. Lawford Electric Company’s ongoing, 8-year relationship with Bayfield Milling Company, coupled with the geographic proximity of the two businesses, gave them a competitive advantage upon which they were unable to capitalize. The price tag of the drive system for which Lawford prepared a competitive bid represented more than 17 years of Bayfield’s average annual purchases from Lawford. ¹ Sales engineer Robert Allen’s approach was simplistic and his notes suggest an assumption that the $871,000 sale would be a slam dunk, largely due to the factors mentioned in the opening paragraph. Each of the three sentences which comprise Allen’s strategy reveals a flawed perception of his role. His strategy was centered only on key decision makers and his priorities were 1) emphasizing benefits and 2) â€Å"influencing the final specs† (pg. 3), rather than utilizing an inquisitive, collaborative approach to gain a genuine understanding of customer needs. Allen bombarded his contacts at Bayfield with specs, benefits, and pamphlets and regarded as trivial several potentially significant interactions. He made unfounded assumptions and, as a result of his focus on influencing the process, missed opportunities to explore and adequately address customer concerns. ² In addition, the number and frequency of calls and visits made by Allen to Bayfield seem relatively low considering the size of the contract. Lawford Electric did not win this contract because they lacked sufficient information to provide an ideal solution. Problem Statement Lawford Electric must ensure that its sales force has the training and support necessary to close sales using an approach whereby customer needs are fully explored. Suggested Alternatives Sustain Quandary Adoption of this strategy is to maintain the status quo at Lawford Electric. Elevate, Collaborate, and Evaluate Adoption of this strategy would see Lawford Electric â€Å"sharpen the saw†, i.e. provide training which would elevate the sales skills of its managers and sales force. Management and sales personnel would periodically analyze journal entries and perform collaborative, qualitative assessment of salespersons’ strategies, tactics, and results. Operation ‘86’ Adoption of this strategy would have Lawford Electric relieve Robert Allen and/or Fred Webster of their employment for letting this sale slip through their fingers. Choice Elevate, Collaborate, and Evaluate This is the best option because it is most likely to improve Lawford’s sales process, improve customer relationships, and increase sales. Benefits of this approach include the sharing of knowledge gained from collaborative analysis and the lessening of likelihood that costly missteps will be repeated. Implementation 1. Research and schedule sales training for staff. Estimated Time of Completion (ETC) 2 weeks 2. Schedule monthly meetings with each salesperson to discuss activity, providing for higher frequency of meetings for high-ticket bids or otherwise abnormal situations. ETC 2 days 3. A. Select sample of past cases from sales team. ETC After sales training B. Dissect and analyze 1 sample case ETC 1 week C. Disseminate findings to all employees of Lawford Electric. ETC 3 days D. Repeat with another case Conclusion Lawford Electric’s customer relationships and long-term revenue had likely been suffering as a direct result of the approach used in this case. Going forward, a focus on understanding customer needs will be integral to their success. APPENDIX 1. Bayfield’s â€Å"annual purchases from Lawford occasionally totaled as much as $50,000†. Proposed price of system: $871,000. 871,000/50,000 = 17.42 2. Examples include: 1.13.78 – Allen assumed that Gibson’s â€Å"pretty hard-nosed† comment pertained to cost. It is noted on 11.13.78 that Lorenz, â€Å"it turned out, was a stickler for attention to small details.† 3.14.78 –Upon learning of the Bayfield engineers’ downtime, Allen may have used this as a chance to gain access to them. The original reason given for their unavailability, on 1.13.78, was that they were busy working on problems with the new line. 5.30.78 – â€Å"Good-naturedly† dismissed an issue brought to his attention by the foreman regarding instability of a Lawford regulator. This represents a lost opportunity to create goodwill by discussing and working to address the issue. 7.17.78 – The last two sentences of this entry are potentially dangerous. Here, Allen made . 9.20.78 – He notes that Lorenz â€Å"asked very few additional questions† and â€Å"seemed sold on the Lawford benefits.† A lack of questions often indicates a lack of interest. The lack of questions is especially curious in this case, where the myriad technical details would seem to generate several questions and/or topics of discussion. 11.13.78 – Allen finds out that Lorenz is â€Å"a stickler for attention to small details,† which contradicts his earlier assumption that cost was paramount.

Education in Sudan

Education in Sudan Free Online Research Papers Representation of the Sudans Education A work of literature can not be separated from the context in it occurred. The context of the work of literature includes two main dimensions: the dimension of time and the dimension of space (place). Season of Migration to the North takes place in the first half of the last century on Sudan. Some of the incidents occurred during the period on which the narrator or Mustafa Saeed were outside their homeland living in England .The novel reflects the actual historical facts about Sudans education in that period Education is crucial in any type of society for the preservation of the lives of its members and the maintenance of the social structure (Rodeny ,et.al,†¦. ). Education is a crucial aspect for the life of any nation as it is the case for the Sudanese. The importance of education came from the fact that its influence is huge on many different aspects of the Sudanese life. Im going to cover this crucial aspect of life by the analysis which will depend mainly on what it was mentioned about education within the text of Season of Migration to the North† and I will connect these indications about the status of education in Sudan with the real information which we get from history books. During the first half of the twentieth century, educational institutions were, for the first time, introduced by the colonial power (England) to the Sudanese culture. Apparently, the population of Sudan who was not acquainted to the colonial educational system (a system that served the colonial power’ plans) did not perceive the idea easily. The people feared sending their own children to schools as was explicitly mentioned in p.20of the novel: That was the time when we first had schools. I remember now that the people were not keen about them and so the government would send its officials to scour the villages and tribal communities while the people hide their sons. They thought of schools as being a great evil that had come to them with the armies of occupation The colonial schools system was originally introduced to Sudan for the purpose of training Sudanese to participate in the domination and the exploitation of their own nation, for the purpose of creating inferiority complex, and of creating confusion. The main purpose of colonial system was to train Africans to participate in the domination and exploitation of the continent as a whole. Colonial education was education for subordination, exploitation the creation of mental confusion and the development of underdevelopment (Rodeny,et.al,†¦.) The colonial educational system was involved in creating an alienated Sudanese class in their own homeland In Rodeny ,Corbal and Ngugi as guides to Africa post colonial literature ,we were told that the most alienated in Africa were the educated Africans The educated Africans were the most alienated Africans on the continent. At each further stage of education, they were buttered and succumbed to the white capitalist system, and after being given salaries they could then afford to sustain a style imported from outside.. That further transformed their mentality. One may think of the reasons that made these educated African alienated from their society, about their role in the development of their underdeveloped country and their loyalty †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦etc. The first reason for being alienated from Sudanese is properly the role that the educated Sudanese class played during the English occupation .The graduates of Gordon collage , which was very much like intermediate school ,were the junior government officials such as mamours†¦etc. The English commissioner gave them orders to bring in the taxes from their kinsmen. They had to opay the orders; otherwise, they will lose their jobs or they will be punished for the accuses of inflammation of mutiny against England control over Sudan. The ignorant Sudanese were so exploited to the degree that they hated their Sudanese brothers and loved the English commissioner who pretended to be full of mercy and pity .The English commissioner pretended to behave in that merciful way to avoid the fate of the previous English commissioner in Sudan who was assassinated by the patriot Sudanese . The educated were thought to be the one who exploited the nation. Secondly, the educated were alienated from the society because of their hypridity. They have a culture of their own. Their culture of inbetweenness includes both the features from the Sudanese and European cultures .They were living in the third space. Both of the narrator and Mustafa saeed can be considered alien to the people of the village. They were different in certain ways. For Mustafa Sa’eed, he was alien to the village in the literal sense of the word since he has no root in the village. The villagers knew very little about him as appears when the narrator asked his friend and his grandfather about Saeed. Their answer was that he was from Alkhortoum and he settled in the village five years ago and married Mahmoud daughter four years ago and his behaviors caused no harm. These information is so few to the degree that when you know such information about a person you actually do not know him or her .The more important aspect of his alienation is on the intell ectual level .His way of perceiving the world is different from the way the society does . This appears in many of his actions during his residence in the village such as his relation with his wife Husna, he did not treat her in the same way other men in the village did with their own wives .He acknowledged her rights to think, to be independent and to have a voice .This was never done or accepted in the village society. He also seems to be alien when he cared about giving excuses for coming to visit the narrator at noon .In the village culture ,visiting your neighbors in any time of the day ,even if it is the noon or the middle of the night or the early mourning ,is accepted without bothering yourself of making excuse. . The narrator is also alien in his way of thinking, such as his refusal to acknowledge Husna marriage to Wad Rayes while the whole population of that village accepted this marriage as a normal thing to happen. He gave Husna an excuse for her deed, but the whole society considered her deed as a shameful deed of a female done in the history of the peaceful village. The most important reason for being alienated from the Society is the fact that these educated people where greatly influenced by the education they received from the colonial school system to the degree that they believed firmly in the ideas and the believes of colonialism. The influence of the colonial educational system continued after the end of colonialism. The educated retained the ideologies, the believes and the attitudes of colonialism while ruling their homeland. We can no longer consider Sudan as independent state even after the end of military colonialism since the colonial power ruled it by the black masked faces who carried in their minds the white thoughts and believes .The colonial power left the native land but still its control of the land continued . This was stated directly in the conversation between the narrator and the retired Mamour PP52-53. The people would gumble and complain to the English commissioner ,and naturally it was the English commissioner who was indulgent and showed mercy . And in this way they sowed hatred in the hearts of the people for us , their kinsmen ,and love for the colonizers , the intruders †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Have we not become independent? Have we not become free men in our country ?Be sure ,though that they will direct our affairs from a far . This is because they left behind them people who think as they do †¦.It was the nobodies who had the best jobs in the days of the English ? The graduates from the intermediate school , specifically Gordon collage ,played a marginal role if they played any role at all in the social aspect of life , their role was merely writing essays from time to time in wall newspapers or delivering speeches in certain religious and social occasions such as the memory of the birthday of the prophet _peace be upon Him _ †¦etc or making discussions of literature in their homes and clubs taking on their consideration the fear of authority and its intensive pressure upon them . . ? . . ?345. ( ,.). If this was the case with the graduates of Gordon collage, what was the case for the graduates of the universities of Egypt, England, Lebanon†¦.etc ? The status of these graduates from foreign universities was not better than their kinsmen, the graduates of Gordon collage. They were unfortunately deprived from the most crucial thing which would probably help them to develop their homeland if they were allowed to have it .They were deprived from having a voice to oppose the corrupted orders of those in higher positions like ministers . We find the narrator telling his friend Mahjoub that: A civil servant like me can not change anything if our masters say do so _and _so we do it† It seems that its neither the educated Sudanese from villages who occupy jobs in governmental offices, nor these who are graduates of intermediate schools, nor those who graduated from primary schools were able to make the change. The question that asks itself is who is the one that has the ability to make the change, and to bring the development to the country if the educated themselves were not able to bring the change to the corrupt systems that dominate Sudan .? Is the party (the Nationalist Democratic Socialist Party) going to bring the change to the country ? When we continue reading through the same page ,we will find the answer which is negative . The party is also handicapped .Its not able to make schools nor hospitals, which are the most crucial basic infrastructure in any society .Then, what is the benefit of having a party that does not work or not able to bring development to the country . You are the head of the national democratic socialist party the party in power, so why not pour out your anger on them Mahjoub said apologetically , if it had not been for the calamities. on the day it happened we were preparing to travel in a large hospital also an intermediate boys school ,a primary school for girls , an agriculture schools and. The above quotation refers to a very important historical fact which is the lack of schools in Sudan and the centerization of schools in the main cities like Al Khartoum, Omdarman. The educated and the socialist party wanted to develop the country by developing the education system, so we find their calls to develop educational system and to build new schools in Sudan especially in villages. Mahjoub informed us about the intention of the village delegation to ask for a primary school for girls since there is non, and a secondary school for boys and a primary school for girls, this indicates that there was a primary school for boys in the small village .During the 1930s, there were only ten schools in Sudan which is a spacious country .How many students do these schools teach? Perhaps five thousands or even ten thousand students are taught in these schools and what about the rest of the nation? For sure they will be left ignorant with no education .What will be the fate of a nation with little education? The other problem which Sudan suffers from as any other underdeveloped country was the centerization of infrastructure in the main big cities especially educational institutions and the lack of these institutions in the small villages in al khourtoum and Oumdarman, the old and the new capitals of Sudan, the educational institutions are available, but in small villages ,there were no such institutions the thing that made many students walk long distance to reach the nearest school since by now you probably realize the fact that the one ( e.g. corrupted governmental officers) who is not eager to provide villages with schools is ,for sure, not eager to provide the children with transportation methods (buses cars , trains †¦.) The problem was not peculiar to the quantity of education but also to the quality of the needed education. What kind of education does Sudan need in that period of time? The answer for this question may be directly indicated by the response of Mustafa Saeed to the narrator when the later informed Mustafa Saeed that he learned English poetry during his study period in England, not engineering nor medical sciences †¦We find that Saeed was at first disappointed but later he admitted the fact that Sudan in need of any kind of education not a specific study only as indicated below: We have no need of poetry here .It would have been better if you’d studied agriculture, engineering, or medicine But we are farmers and think only of what concern us Knowledge of whatever kind is necessary for the advancement of our country This disappointment of Mustafa saeed is due to the fact that he was properly worrying about the coming destiny of the Sudan and its nation. He realized the nation’ intensive needs for agriculture, engineering and medical knowledge and he was hopping that this need would be reduced a little by the narrator, but he was greatly disappointed when he knew that the narrator studied poetry. He, as scholar in economics, did not realize the influence of poetry on the self, the only thing that matters to him is statistics, numbers He few minutes later realizes the fact that the country needed any kind of knowledge even poetry. Agricultural schools were so important and so valuable since the Sudanese were living on farming not trade nor manufacturing ,so we find Mahjoub saying that the delegation they were preparing to send in order to demand of the party who is in power or perhaps of the government directly their needs of schools and hospitals . The last thing that we can say about education as represented in Season of Migration of the North is the ideas of rulers of Sudan about the situation and their way of behaving .The ideas of the rulers of Sudan appear clearly on the education conference. They started taking of unifying curriculum even though the schools were not built yet.!!! They say: no contradiction must occur between what the student learns at school and between what the reality of the life of the people. He justifies the fact that no schools were built as away of preventing a bourgeoisie from being created but the bourgeoisie is already created .It is living far away from reality and he is one of its member . This person, who does not want to make the students feel the difference between their schools and reality, escapes the hot summer of Sudan to live in his villa in Europe. His wife also does her shopping in Europe Yet he justifies the lack of good schools by fearing of creating a remoted away bourgeoisie . All in all, the Sudanese did not accept the educational colonial system .This system was intending to exploit the society by creating an alienated class of Sudanese. The corrupted government officials also exploit the nation by controlling the nation resources. The education is a crucial aspect of the life of any nation therefore the education should be improved to bring in the development for the nation in all respects of life. References : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.,Rodney .et.al .Guides to African post colonial literature.F-M . omoregie . English Department. University of Boston . www.thecore . nus.edu.sg/post/Africa/omeiogie 11.htm#wrz . , . . ? ? .1924-1989? .1342-1409? . . Research Papers on Education in SudanStandardized TestingBringing Democracy to AfricaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeResearch Process Part OneHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and CanadaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self